Basics & First Law of Thermodynamics
The thermodynamics is the science of energy transfer and its effects on
the properties of the system. There are three basic terms which are used
in thermodynamics one is system what is system. Everything external to
the system is called as surrounding the system and the separation
between system and surrounding is called boundary. The system is
divided into three types what are the various types of system. In case of
an open system there is a mass transfer taking place as well as there is
transfer between system and surrounding. The analysis is called as
control volume analysis because the volume is fixed here mass is fixed so
mass is constant. isolated systems are thermoflask and universe. isolated
means neither heat transfer nor work transfer take place in isolated
system.
Heat transfer flows from high temperature to low temperature if the
system is having high temperature and if the surrounding is having low
temperature the heat will flow from system to the surrounding. Heat is
the form of energy transfer due to temperature difference because it is
talking about the transfer of energy. Heat added to system is always
taken as positive and heat rejected from the system removed from
system will be taken as negative. The thermodynamics is all about the
fight between heat and work so there are two ways in which energy
transfer is taking place between system and surrounding one is the heat
in the form of heat transfer. The other all the other forms of energy
transfer, known as work transfer, is known as property energy transfer.
Work and heat properties work and heat are not property of the system
work on the heat because they are related with the energy transfer they
are not properties. The path undergone by the system from state one to
state two is called as process path the path through which the change in
state is taking place is known as yes d1.
The properties are point function or state function they do not depend on
the process path. If i ask you what is the change in internal energy for
the process 1 f2 your answer will be u2 minus u1 only so that is why that
that that. That is why because p is the property that is. why it is a point.
function. Free expansion is another example of free expansion is also
another example. irreversible process throttling process is irreversible
mixing is also irreversible mixing. temperature if we want the heat to
flow from low temperature to high temperature we need to do some
external work so that is why it will not follow the same path as that of the
forward path. The force exerted on the piston is p into a into dx that is
small work transfer ds is the displacement of the piston and if we
calculate the total work transfer then it will be a into ds called as dv this
is the volume change in volume. The work transfer in case of closed
The thermodynamics is the science of energy transfer and its effects on
the properties of the system. There are three basic terms which are used
in thermodynamics one is system what is system. Everything external to
the system is called as surrounding the system and the separation
between system and surrounding is called boundary. The system is
divided into three types what are the various types of system. In case of
an open system there is a mass transfer taking place as well as there is
transfer between system and surrounding. The analysis is called as
control volume analysis because the volume is fixed here mass is fixed so
mass is constant. isolated systems are thermoflask and universe. isolated
means neither heat transfer nor work transfer take place in isolated
system.
Heat transfer flows from high temperature to low temperature if the
system is having high temperature and if the surrounding is having low
temperature the heat will flow from system to the surrounding. Heat is
the form of energy transfer due to temperature difference because it is
talking about the transfer of energy. Heat added to system is always
taken as positive and heat rejected from the system removed from
system will be taken as negative. The thermodynamics is all about the
fight between heat and work so there are two ways in which energy
transfer is taking place between system and surrounding one is the heat
in the form of heat transfer. The other all the other forms of energy
transfer, known as work transfer, is known as property energy transfer.
Work and heat properties work and heat are not property of the system
work on the heat because they are related with the energy transfer they
are not properties. The path undergone by the system from state one to
state two is called as process path the path through which the change in
state is taking place is known as yes d1.
The properties are point function or state function they do not depend on
the process path. If i ask you what is the change in internal energy for
the process 1 f2 your answer will be u2 minus u1 only so that is why that
that that. That is why because p is the property that is. why it is a point.
function. Free expansion is another example of free expansion is also
another example. irreversible process throttling process is irreversible
mixing is also irreversible mixing. temperature if we want the heat to
flow from low temperature to high temperature we need to do some
external work so that is why it will not follow the same path as that of the
forward path. The force exerted on the piston is p into a into dx that is
small work transfer ds is the displacement of the piston and if we
calculate the total work transfer then it will be a into ds called as dv this
is the volume change in volume. The work transfer in case of closed
