Maternity Exam 2 hesi All Answers Correct 2023

Maternity Exam 2 hesi All Answers Correct 2023 physical health body's ability to perform daily functions for survival intellectual health emotional health - the ability to express or suppress emotion social health - ability to interact with others spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices the cognitive ability to learn and adapt 00:0201:36 emotional health social health - ability to interact with others spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices the ability to express or suppress emotion social health ability to interact with others spiritual health purpose for human existence, cultural practices what is nutrition? the science that links foods to health and disease what processes does nutrition include? ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, excretion when is nutrition important? conception to death what is the difference between food and nutrients? food provides energy in terms of calories while nutrients are substances in food Science of Nutrition the study of the nutrients in food and the body's handling of them provides information to consumers Why do we get hungry? Hormones impact hunger Ghrelin --increases hunger --when traveling to the brain, it stimulates the hunger center as it deactivates the satiety center --produced by stomach 00:0201:36 Leptin --decreases hunger --alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center --produced in adipose cells which hormone would obese individuals most likely have higher levels of than their peers? Leptin Roles of leptin and ghrelin Ghrelin: signals brain to take in food, increases appetite Leptin: signals brain to decrease level of hunger and food intake --- balance hunger and satiety internal forces: why do we eat? Hunger Appetite Satiety Hypothalamus hunger lack of food internal is hunger an internal or external drive? negative is hunger a negative or positive sensation? appetite --integrated response to food --defined as psychological external influences that encourage us to find food and consume it external is appetite an internal or external drive? positive is appetite a negative or positive sensation? satiety feeling of fullness Hypothalamus region of the brain feeding center and satiety center Appetite Psychological external influences (external forces that might cause us to want to eat) 1. sensory 2. cognitive 3. environmental 4. health status Sensory examples [Appetite Psychological external influence] flavor, texture, appearance, smell cognitive examples [Appetite Psychological external influence] habits, comfort foods, advertising, social foods, nutritional value Environmental examples [Appetite Psychological external influence] economics, lifestyle, cultural / religious beliefs, enviroment Health status examples [Appetite Psychological external influence] physical restrictions, age, gender gastrointestinal tract what is the main site in the body used for digestion and absorption? What does the GI tract consist of? mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus What organ plays an important role in satiety and weight regulation? stomach what are compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts to control the function of another type of cell? hormones what are the nutrients in food used by our bodies to do? (1) promote growth and development; (2) maintain tissue, cells, and bone; (3) fuel the body for physical and metabolic work; and (4) regulate body processes why do we need to eat? We eat because our bodies cannot make (or cannot make enough of) the nutrients to sustain a healthy life Essential nutrients are nutrients that can only be obtained from the diet nutrients that are vital for sustaining our health are referred to as 4 types of nutrients macronutrients micronutrients organic inorganic The six classes of nutrients include: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Lipids 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water three general functions the six classes of nutrients serve (1) to provide energy (2) to regulate body processes (3) to contribute to cellular and body structure micronutrient needed in small amounts in the body macronutrient needed in large amounts in the body organic a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen inorganic any substance that does not contain carbon 1. Carbohydrates organic, macronutrient -composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -complex or simple forms found in starches and sugars -broken down into glucose—a source of energy for cells and tissue -function: primary source of energy -sources: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and legumes 2. Proteins organic, macronutrient -composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as well as nitrogen -made of smaller building blocks called amino acids -function: energy source, structure, and regulation -sources: meats, dairy products, legumes, vegetables, and grains 3. Lipids organic, macronutrient -composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -triglycerides (fats or oils), cholesterol, and phospholipids -function: energy source, structure, and regulation -sources: fats, oils, meats, and dairy products; with a few exceptions, fruits and vegetables are naturally low in fat/lipids. 4. Vitamins organic, micronutrient -composed of carbon and hydrogen and may contain other elements -fat soluble: A, D, E, K -water soluble: B vitamins and vitamin C -function: regulation -sources: all food groups 5. Minerals inorganic, micronutrient -simple inorganic substances -macro-minerals: 16 minerals needed in relatively large quantities -micro-minerals: only needed in small amounts and often referred to as the trace minerals -functions: structure and regulation -sources: all food groups 6. Water inorganic, macronutrient -chemically, the simplest nutrient but the most important -functions: structure and regulation -sources: beverages and foods energy the ability to do work Of the 4 types of nutrients, which one can supply en