Epidemiology FINAL EXAM| 96 questions| with complete solutions

Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its: correct answer: validity True or False? The natural history of disease refers to the time course of disease from its beginning to its final clinical endpoints correct answer: true True or False? Reliability is synonymous with accuracy, whereas validity is synonymous with precision. correct answer: false True or False? Tertiary prevention is directed toward the later stages of pathogenesis and involves programs for restoring the patient's optimal functioning correct answer: true True or False? Screening for disease provides only preliminary information that needs to be followed by diagnostic information correct answer: true True or False? Although a measure that is invalid can be reliable, it is never possible for a measure that is unreliable to be valid correct answer: true True or False? Screening tests are administered to people who appear to be ill correct answer: false True or False? Mass screening is likely to result in the greatest yield of true cases correct answer: false True or False? Secondary prevention involves the prevention of disease before it occurs. correct answer: false True or False? The phenomenon of overdiagnosis may result in unwarranted medical testing and procedure. correct answer: true True or False? Screening tests need to demonstrate reliability and validity correct answer: true Which of the following is an example of "simple" health policy questions that pertain to the use of screening tests? correct answer: Who should be screened? What conditions should be screened? At what age should screening begin? all of the above*** The ability of a screening test to identify correctly all screened individuals who actually have the disease refers to the test's correct answer: sensitivity The ability of a test to identify only nondiseased individuals who actually do not have the disease refers to the test's correct answer: specificity The ability of a measuring instrument to give consistent results in