Molecular Diagnostics Lecture 1: Introduction
& History
The objectives for today 's lecture are number one define molecular
diagnosticostics and number three for each of the following briefly
summarize their or their contribution to molecular biology and that will
include Gregor Mendel, Frederick and Maurice Wilkins. I believe that
knowing the history of things is very very important so knowing where we
came from can help us get where we are going.. Gregor Mendel is today
considered the father of modern genetics. Frederick. My sure was
actually smart to use the pus because pus is made up of what that 's
right white blood cells have that red blood cells do n't have a nucleus
good job. Frederick Griffith In 1928 he used one pathogenic strain and
one nonpathogenic strain of. Pneumococcus I injected them into mice
and from the results determined that transformation was actually
possible. So here we have a picture of strep pneumo gram stain. You can
see the gram positive Cocci there in pairs and their kind of lancet-shaped
hinthint for your micro course..
When Chargaff was a chemist,, he only got interested in DNa after
reading about Avery Macleod and Mccarty 's report identifying DNa as a
hereditary material.. in 1949 he determined the base composition of DNa
varied between species and then discovered that there was a fixed ratio
of bases in DNa. James Watson and Francis Crick proposed a 3-d model of
DNa in 1953 and their original model was inside out, but eventually they
proposed the model that we know today. Rosalind Franklin 's Xray
diffraction images were key to getting the model right so Maurice Wilkins
also contributed some images. In 1960 to the Nobel Prize for Physiology
or Medicine was awarded to Francis Cric..
Molecular Diagnostics Lab 1: Laboratory
Design
this is a virtual lab and we will discuss laboratory design for a molecular
lab.. The main goal in a molecular testing lab is to prevent contamination
because PCR is a highly sensitive test methodology. It is prone to
contamination. unidirectional workflow means testing personnel and
specimens should flow in one direction without backtracking to previous
areas. the workflow should go from pre-amplification or pre-PCR to post-
amplification or Poe PCR. It is highly recommended to have separate
equipment and PpE in each testing area and to have physical separation
between each area.. testing is to take place in one physical space. It is
crucial to have dedicated labeled work areas, much like those seen in the
video automated specimen processing and closed tube amplification
, detected. Detection systems can also work in small spaces to help
prevent contamination, but keep in mind. These are often costly and
usually cost prohibitive for smaller labs. So next we want to talk about air
flow and how that can help us prevent contamination..
All work areas and equipment should be cleaned frequently. all pipettes
need to be decontaminated routinely and you need to make sure the
exterior and the interior of the pipette are cleaned regularly... Other
strategies that may be used to prevent contamination can include the
use of cleanroom floor mats which are sticky mats that are on the floor.
you don't stress about it by the end of the semester.
Molecular Diagnostics Lecture 3, Part 1:
Nucleic Acid & Chromosome Structure
This is part one of our lecture on nucleic acid and chromosome
structure... In the second part of this lecture, we will cover RNa and
chromosome. The objectives for today's lecture are number 1 diagram.
The structure of DNa nitrogen bases nucleosides and nucleotides. a for
guanine. The A for adenine and the P is a reminder that those are purines
if you have another way to remember those. However, is best for you is
what I recommend just I want you to make sure that you know purines
have a double ring structure. next. We have the sugar building blocks
now. These sugars are five carbon or pentose sugars and the ribose
sugar we see. On the right is found in RNa and it has an O H group which
is highlighted in pink. The deoxyribose sugar has. lost that oxygen and
only has the hydrogen rather than the whole Oh H group. each strand of
DNa or RNa has what we call a five-prime end and a three-prime end. the
five prime ends of DNa are always the end with a free phosphate group..
The nucleotide has a T in it, which can stand for a trio of building blocks
or three building blocks. a nucleotide polymer is simply a chain of
nucleotides joined together..
The building blocks of DNa assemble to form those nucleotide polymers
which are chains of nucleotides. the bonded pairs will sort of fit in the
diameter of the double helix. Once that DNa is twisted up to purines
would be too large and to perimeter small to keep that structure how it
needs to be to stay together.. DNa is a doublestranded molecule with
anti-parallel strands. each strand of DNa has a potential to deliver and
code for information. the length of DNa is given in base pairs and that
can actually be converted to kilo base pairs noted kb or mega base
pairs.. DNa is always read or recorded from the five prime end to the
three prime end. DNa DNA replication results in two double-stranded DNa
& History
The objectives for today 's lecture are number one define molecular
diagnosticostics and number three for each of the following briefly
summarize their or their contribution to molecular biology and that will
include Gregor Mendel, Frederick and Maurice Wilkins. I believe that
knowing the history of things is very very important so knowing where we
came from can help us get where we are going.. Gregor Mendel is today
considered the father of modern genetics. Frederick. My sure was
actually smart to use the pus because pus is made up of what that 's
right white blood cells have that red blood cells do n't have a nucleus
good job. Frederick Griffith In 1928 he used one pathogenic strain and
one nonpathogenic strain of. Pneumococcus I injected them into mice
and from the results determined that transformation was actually
possible. So here we have a picture of strep pneumo gram stain. You can
see the gram positive Cocci there in pairs and their kind of lancet-shaped
hinthint for your micro course..
When Chargaff was a chemist,, he only got interested in DNa after
reading about Avery Macleod and Mccarty 's report identifying DNa as a
hereditary material.. in 1949 he determined the base composition of DNa
varied between species and then discovered that there was a fixed ratio
of bases in DNa. James Watson and Francis Crick proposed a 3-d model of
DNa in 1953 and their original model was inside out, but eventually they
proposed the model that we know today. Rosalind Franklin 's Xray
diffraction images were key to getting the model right so Maurice Wilkins
also contributed some images. In 1960 to the Nobel Prize for Physiology
or Medicine was awarded to Francis Cric..
Molecular Diagnostics Lab 1: Laboratory
Design
this is a virtual lab and we will discuss laboratory design for a molecular
lab.. The main goal in a molecular testing lab is to prevent contamination
because PCR is a highly sensitive test methodology. It is prone to
contamination. unidirectional workflow means testing personnel and
specimens should flow in one direction without backtracking to previous
areas. the workflow should go from pre-amplification or pre-PCR to post-
amplification or Poe PCR. It is highly recommended to have separate
equipment and PpE in each testing area and to have physical separation
between each area.. testing is to take place in one physical space. It is
crucial to have dedicated labeled work areas, much like those seen in the
video automated specimen processing and closed tube amplification
, detected. Detection systems can also work in small spaces to help
prevent contamination, but keep in mind. These are often costly and
usually cost prohibitive for smaller labs. So next we want to talk about air
flow and how that can help us prevent contamination..
All work areas and equipment should be cleaned frequently. all pipettes
need to be decontaminated routinely and you need to make sure the
exterior and the interior of the pipette are cleaned regularly... Other
strategies that may be used to prevent contamination can include the
use of cleanroom floor mats which are sticky mats that are on the floor.
you don't stress about it by the end of the semester.
Molecular Diagnostics Lecture 3, Part 1:
Nucleic Acid & Chromosome Structure
This is part one of our lecture on nucleic acid and chromosome
structure... In the second part of this lecture, we will cover RNa and
chromosome. The objectives for today's lecture are number 1 diagram.
The structure of DNa nitrogen bases nucleosides and nucleotides. a for
guanine. The A for adenine and the P is a reminder that those are purines
if you have another way to remember those. However, is best for you is
what I recommend just I want you to make sure that you know purines
have a double ring structure. next. We have the sugar building blocks
now. These sugars are five carbon or pentose sugars and the ribose
sugar we see. On the right is found in RNa and it has an O H group which
is highlighted in pink. The deoxyribose sugar has. lost that oxygen and
only has the hydrogen rather than the whole Oh H group. each strand of
DNa or RNa has what we call a five-prime end and a three-prime end. the
five prime ends of DNa are always the end with a free phosphate group..
The nucleotide has a T in it, which can stand for a trio of building blocks
or three building blocks. a nucleotide polymer is simply a chain of
nucleotides joined together..
The building blocks of DNa assemble to form those nucleotide polymers
which are chains of nucleotides. the bonded pairs will sort of fit in the
diameter of the double helix. Once that DNa is twisted up to purines
would be too large and to perimeter small to keep that structure how it
needs to be to stay together.. DNa is a doublestranded molecule with
anti-parallel strands. each strand of DNa has a potential to deliver and
code for information. the length of DNa is given in base pairs and that
can actually be converted to kilo base pairs noted kb or mega base
pairs.. DNa is always read or recorded from the five prime end to the
three prime end. DNa DNA replication results in two double-stranded DNa
