INTRODUCTION OF MICROBIOLOGY
microbiology, study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute simple life-forms
that include bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The field is concerned with the
structure, function, and classification of such organisms and with ways of both exploiting and controlling
their activitie.
Study of
Virus,Bacteria,algae,fungi,protozoa
VIRUS (VIROLOGY)
Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their
detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells
for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause,
the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy.
BACTERIA (BACTRIOLOGY)
The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology. A fundamental understanding
of how a cell works has come through the study of microorganisms.
ALGAE(PHYCOLOGY)
phycology, also called algology, the study of algae, a large heterogeneous group of chiefly aquatic plants
ranging in size from microscopic forms to species as large as shrubs or trees.
FUNGI(MYCOLOGY)
The study of fungi is called Mycology. It is the overall study of their genetic and biochemical properties,
their use to human beings as a source of medicine, food,etc., as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or
infection.
PROTOZOA(PROTOZOOLOGY)
Medical parasitology traditionally has included the study of three major groups of animals: parasitic
protozoa, parasitic helminths (worms), and those arthropods that directly cause disease or act as vectors
of various pathogens.
Specific study of
Virology
Bactriology
Phycology
Mycology
Protozoology
Concerned with
Form
Structure
Reproduction
Physiology
Metabolism and classification
FORM OF VIRUS
ODV production typically induces an extensive elaboration and proliferation of intranuclear membranes
that appear as microvesicles and membrane structures within the nucleoplasm (Hong et al., 1994).
From: Parasitoid Viruses, 2012
, STRUCTURE OF VIRUS
Viral Structure. In the simpler viruses the virion consists of a single molecule of nucleic acid
surrounded by a protein coat, the capsid; the capsid and its enclosed nucleic acid together constitute the
nucleocapsid. In some of the more complex viruses the capsid surrounds a protein core (Fig.
VIRUS REPRODUCTION
Let's look at what happens when a virus attacks our cells. Most viruses reproduce through a process called
lytic infection. During lytic infection, a virus enters the host cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell
to burst, or lyse. In the video Virus Lytic Cycle, a bacteriophage, which is a virus that infects and replicates
within a bacterium, attaches itself and infects the host cell.
PHYSIOLOGY OF VIRUS
Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a RNA or DNA
genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat. Viruses may be viewed as mobile genetic
elements, most probably of cellular origin and characterized by a long co-evolution of virus and host.
METABOLISM AND CLASSIFICATION
Viruses themselves are metabolically inert and must rely on metabolic events in the cell to generate its
component parts and to replicate new viral copies. Oftentimes, the cell at the time of infection is in a
quiescent state, but the infection acts to change the cell's metabolic activity.
The majority of viruses can be categorized as having helical or icosahedral structure. A few viruses,
however, have a complex architecture that does not strictly conform to a simple helical or icosahedral
shape. Poxviruses, geminiviruses, and many bacteriophages are examples of viruses with complex
structure
FORM OF BACTERIA
Bacteria are classified into five groups according to their basic shapes: spherical (cocci), rod (bacilli),
spiral (spirilla), comma (vibrios) or corkscrew (spirochaetes). They can exist as single cells, in pairs,
chains or clusters.
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
In bacteria, the cell wall forms a rigid structure of uniform thickness around the cell and is
responsible for the characteristic shape of the cell (rod, coccus, or spiral). Inside the cell wall
(or rigid peptidoglycan layer) is the plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane; this is usually closely
apposed to the wall layer.
REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA
Bacteria reproduce primarily by binary fission, an asexual process whereby a single cell
divides into two. Under ideal conditions some bacterial species may divide every 10–15
minutes—a doubling of the population at these time intervals.
PHYSIOLOGY OF BACTERIA
Bacterial physiology is a branch of biology that aims to understand overarching principles
of cellular reproduction. Many important issues in bacterial physiology are inherently
quantitative, and major contributors to the field have often brought together tools and ways
of thinking from multiple disciplines.
microbiology, study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute simple life-forms
that include bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The field is concerned with the
structure, function, and classification of such organisms and with ways of both exploiting and controlling
their activitie.
Study of
Virus,Bacteria,algae,fungi,protozoa
VIRUS (VIROLOGY)
Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their
detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells
for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause,
the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy.
BACTERIA (BACTRIOLOGY)
The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology. A fundamental understanding
of how a cell works has come through the study of microorganisms.
ALGAE(PHYCOLOGY)
phycology, also called algology, the study of algae, a large heterogeneous group of chiefly aquatic plants
ranging in size from microscopic forms to species as large as shrubs or trees.
FUNGI(MYCOLOGY)
The study of fungi is called Mycology. It is the overall study of their genetic and biochemical properties,
their use to human beings as a source of medicine, food,etc., as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or
infection.
PROTOZOA(PROTOZOOLOGY)
Medical parasitology traditionally has included the study of three major groups of animals: parasitic
protozoa, parasitic helminths (worms), and those arthropods that directly cause disease or act as vectors
of various pathogens.
Specific study of
Virology
Bactriology
Phycology
Mycology
Protozoology
Concerned with
Form
Structure
Reproduction
Physiology
Metabolism and classification
FORM OF VIRUS
ODV production typically induces an extensive elaboration and proliferation of intranuclear membranes
that appear as microvesicles and membrane structures within the nucleoplasm (Hong et al., 1994).
From: Parasitoid Viruses, 2012
, STRUCTURE OF VIRUS
Viral Structure. In the simpler viruses the virion consists of a single molecule of nucleic acid
surrounded by a protein coat, the capsid; the capsid and its enclosed nucleic acid together constitute the
nucleocapsid. In some of the more complex viruses the capsid surrounds a protein core (Fig.
VIRUS REPRODUCTION
Let's look at what happens when a virus attacks our cells. Most viruses reproduce through a process called
lytic infection. During lytic infection, a virus enters the host cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell
to burst, or lyse. In the video Virus Lytic Cycle, a bacteriophage, which is a virus that infects and replicates
within a bacterium, attaches itself and infects the host cell.
PHYSIOLOGY OF VIRUS
Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a RNA or DNA
genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat. Viruses may be viewed as mobile genetic
elements, most probably of cellular origin and characterized by a long co-evolution of virus and host.
METABOLISM AND CLASSIFICATION
Viruses themselves are metabolically inert and must rely on metabolic events in the cell to generate its
component parts and to replicate new viral copies. Oftentimes, the cell at the time of infection is in a
quiescent state, but the infection acts to change the cell's metabolic activity.
The majority of viruses can be categorized as having helical or icosahedral structure. A few viruses,
however, have a complex architecture that does not strictly conform to a simple helical or icosahedral
shape. Poxviruses, geminiviruses, and many bacteriophages are examples of viruses with complex
structure
FORM OF BACTERIA
Bacteria are classified into five groups according to their basic shapes: spherical (cocci), rod (bacilli),
spiral (spirilla), comma (vibrios) or corkscrew (spirochaetes). They can exist as single cells, in pairs,
chains or clusters.
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
In bacteria, the cell wall forms a rigid structure of uniform thickness around the cell and is
responsible for the characteristic shape of the cell (rod, coccus, or spiral). Inside the cell wall
(or rigid peptidoglycan layer) is the plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane; this is usually closely
apposed to the wall layer.
REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA
Bacteria reproduce primarily by binary fission, an asexual process whereby a single cell
divides into two. Under ideal conditions some bacterial species may divide every 10–15
minutes—a doubling of the population at these time intervals.
PHYSIOLOGY OF BACTERIA
Bacterial physiology is a branch of biology that aims to understand overarching principles
of cellular reproduction. Many important issues in bacterial physiology are inherently
quantitative, and major contributors to the field have often brought together tools and ways
of thinking from multiple disciplines.
