SCIN138 Lesson 5 2023 with 100% correct questions and answers

Low strain rate, high temperature, high confining pressure. These entire variables encourage which type of deformation? Ductile Deformation _______________interpret mountain ranges and tell the story of what formed them structural geologists A ___________ is simply a plane along which movement has occurred fault When a rock has exceeded its elastic limit and behaves in a ductile manner, the resulting structure is a________(bend or warp in a rock layer) fold _____________________, caused by increased temperature, pressure, and even the addition of fluids, changes the mineralogy and the texture of the rock. Metamorphism What are the three agents of metamorphism? It is all about pressure, temperature, and fluids. The result of differential stress (pressure) on rocks can: cause mineral crystals to align parallel to each other. Heat promotes recrystallization by increasing atomic vibration Chemically reactive fluids react with __________to grow new minerals. minerals in the protolith Which metamorphic texture describes minerals oriented flat and parallel to each other so as to make sheets or planes in the rock? foliated The protolith of slate is what? shale How can the metamorphic rock quartzite be distinguished from its protolith sandstone? Quartzite breaks across the sand grains Which of these has the largest mica grains? ... Distinct banding of light and dark minerals is described as a ______ texture. gneissic Describe polymorphism the same chemical formula (Al2SiO5) but under different conditions of temperature and pressure, form different crystal structures with different properties. (Polymorphism is the same formula making different minerals.) Which sequence list shows metamorphic rocks in order from from low-grade to high-grade? slate→phyllite→schist→gneiss Metamorphic index minerals are an indicator of _____. the specific pressures and temperatures experienced by the rock Metamorphic facies are characterized by assemblages (groups) of index minerals. Which metamorphic facies is associated with subduction zones? blueschist When magma intrudes pre-existing country rock, the rock will be cooked by the magma. This metamorphic process is called _____. contact metamorphism The core of a mountain range that formed during regional metamorphism would contain a _____ metamorphic facies. high grade How will a rock respond if it is subjected to high heat and pressure? bend What is the resulting strain in ductile deformation? permanent change in shapep If you snap a "green" stick (freshly removed from a tree) into two pieces, it will first undergo __________ deformation, then __________ deformation. elastic., brittle If a rock layer has a dip of 90 degrees, how is that rock layer oriented relative to a horizontal plane? vertical (perpendicular to the ground) Geologists define a geological formation as ______________________? A recognizable, mappable rock unit What does the strike and dip of a rock represent? Dip is the angle of greatest inclination down from horizontal and strike is the angle from true north or true south of a horizontal line on the stratum. When viewing folds on a map, which fold type has the oldest rock beds on the flanks, near its axis, and youngest beds in the middle? Synclines Folds (anticlines and synclines) are produced by____. Folding is caused by convergent movement and compression. Which type of fold would be the most likely to trap oil and gas at its axis? (Oil and gas rise and float on groundwater.) Anticlines can accumulate petroleum near the axis The State of Michigan is largely occupied by the Michigan Basin, a structural basin between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron that contains Cambrian through Pennsylvanian strata. Where are the Pennsylvanian rocks located? near the center of the state In which type of fault does the hanging wall move down relative to the footwall? normal Which fault type is the result of compression? SELECT TWO reverse and thrust Which fault type would be most prominent at a transform plate boundary? Transform plate boundaries are dominated by shear forces , which creates strike-slip faults.