GENDER STUDIES/CSS
GENDER STUDIES
(CSS)
Mr. Zahoor Elahi (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
,GENDER STUDIES/CSS
CONTENTS
CHAPTER NAME PAGE #
Chapter 1 3
Introduction to Gender Studies
Chapter 2 18
Social Construction of Gender
Chapter 3 26
Feminism
Chapter 4 35
Waves of Feminism
Chapter 5 62
Gender and Development
Chapter 6 75
Status of Women In Pakistan
Chapter 7 89
Gender and Governance
Chapter 8 105
Gender-Based Violence
Chapter 9 113
Case Studies
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
,GENDER STUDIES/CSS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO GENDER STUDIES
Gender Studies focus is on the question how to foster change, make
space for diversity and for new kinds of social, cultural and
ecological sustainability and equality. Gender Studies educates agents
for change.
Children learn gender roles at an early age from their families and
friends; early learning at home, cultural images, the division of
productive work and leisure by gender, and the operation of social
institutions (schools, the church, and the courts) contribute to adult
gender role beliefs and practices.
By contrast, gender role encompasses the non-biological or social and
cultural elements that give meaning to the terms "male" and
"female," the expectations and cultural rules that govern male and
female behavior.
With the exception of some Indian tribes, Americans have always
divided gender roles into two categories, male and female. Many
Indian groups recognize a third gender, a "half-man, half woman" a
male who dresses, acts as a female, and takes the passive role in
sexual intercourse with another male. The Mojave have four gender
groups: males; females; boys who adopt female roles; and girls who
adopt adult male roles. In Western culture, it has often been
assumed that the assignment of certain tasks and responsibilities to
males and females inevitably results from biological differences.
Given this assumption, departures from traditional roles are often
viewed as unnatural and threatening, not just to individuals but to
the social order.
Gender studies …Gender Roles….Gender Differences…Inter/Intra
Differences INTER DIFFERENCES based on biological differences &
social identities Biological Differences: Men and women were thought
to inhabit bodies with different physical make-ups and to possess
fundamentally different qualities and virtues. Certain biological
facts are constant. Not all women menstruate, become pregnant, or
breast-feed, but only women do so. Only a man can impregnate
a woman, although not all men do. Chromosomal makeup,
hormonal composition, and internal or external sex organs
determine sex in a biological sense, and an infant is assigned that
gender label at birth.
Indicators of Biological Sex/Status
(Chromosomes, genitals, gonads, hormones, secondary sex
characteristics) Social Identities: There have been four major ideals
about gender roles in the American family over the course of four
centuries: patriarchy in the colonial era; separate spheres in the
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
, GENDER STUDIES/CSS
nineteenth century; companionate marriage from the 1920s to the
1950s; and quasi-egalitarian roles beginning in the 1960s.
i. Patriarchy: The father controlled all the economic resources and
held the primary authority over all members of the family and
household.
ii. Separate Spheres: The home functioned as a place of repose
for the husband at the end of his workday. The home and the
world were seen as
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
GENDER STUDIES
(CSS)
Mr. Zahoor Elahi (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
,GENDER STUDIES/CSS
CONTENTS
CHAPTER NAME PAGE #
Chapter 1 3
Introduction to Gender Studies
Chapter 2 18
Social Construction of Gender
Chapter 3 26
Feminism
Chapter 4 35
Waves of Feminism
Chapter 5 62
Gender and Development
Chapter 6 75
Status of Women In Pakistan
Chapter 7 89
Gender and Governance
Chapter 8 105
Gender-Based Violence
Chapter 9 113
Case Studies
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
,GENDER STUDIES/CSS
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO GENDER STUDIES
Gender Studies focus is on the question how to foster change, make
space for diversity and for new kinds of social, cultural and
ecological sustainability and equality. Gender Studies educates agents
for change.
Children learn gender roles at an early age from their families and
friends; early learning at home, cultural images, the division of
productive work and leisure by gender, and the operation of social
institutions (schools, the church, and the courts) contribute to adult
gender role beliefs and practices.
By contrast, gender role encompasses the non-biological or social and
cultural elements that give meaning to the terms "male" and
"female," the expectations and cultural rules that govern male and
female behavior.
With the exception of some Indian tribes, Americans have always
divided gender roles into two categories, male and female. Many
Indian groups recognize a third gender, a "half-man, half woman" a
male who dresses, acts as a female, and takes the passive role in
sexual intercourse with another male. The Mojave have four gender
groups: males; females; boys who adopt female roles; and girls who
adopt adult male roles. In Western culture, it has often been
assumed that the assignment of certain tasks and responsibilities to
males and females inevitably results from biological differences.
Given this assumption, departures from traditional roles are often
viewed as unnatural and threatening, not just to individuals but to
the social order.
Gender studies …Gender Roles….Gender Differences…Inter/Intra
Differences INTER DIFFERENCES based on biological differences &
social identities Biological Differences: Men and women were thought
to inhabit bodies with different physical make-ups and to possess
fundamentally different qualities and virtues. Certain biological
facts are constant. Not all women menstruate, become pregnant, or
breast-feed, but only women do so. Only a man can impregnate
a woman, although not all men do. Chromosomal makeup,
hormonal composition, and internal or external sex organs
determine sex in a biological sense, and an infant is assigned that
gender label at birth.
Indicators of Biological Sex/Status
(Chromosomes, genitals, gonads, hormones, secondary sex
characteristics) Social Identities: There have been four major ideals
about gender roles in the American family over the course of four
centuries: patriarchy in the colonial era; separate spheres in the
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
, GENDER STUDIES/CSS
nineteenth century; companionate marriage from the 1920s to the
1950s; and quasi-egalitarian roles beginning in the 1960s.
i. Patriarchy: The father controlled all the economic resources and
held the primary authority over all members of the family and
household.
ii. Separate Spheres: The home functioned as a place of repose
for the husband at the end of his workday. The home and the
world were seen as
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP/CTG)
03004578032
