ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
LECTURE NOTES
(Subject Code: BCS-404)
for
Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science and Engineering
&
Information Technology
Department of Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology
Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology
(Formerly UCE, Burla)
Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha
Lecture Note Prepared by: Prof. Pradipta Kumar Das
Prof. D. Chandrasekhar Rao
Prof. Kishore Kumar Sahu
, DISCLAIMER
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be
used as a substitute for prescribed textbooks. The information
presented here is merely a collection by the committee members
for their respective teaching assignments. Various sources as
mentioned at the end of the document as well as freely available
material from internet were consulted for preparing this
document. The ownership of the information lies with the
respective authors or institutions.
, BCS-404 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (3-1-0) Cr.-04
Module - I
Formalized symbolic logic: Propositional logic-first order predicate logic, wff conversion
to clausal form, inference rules, the resolution principle, Dealing with inconsistencies and
uncertainties, fuzzy logic.
Module - II
Probabilistic Reasoning Structured knowledge, graphs, frames and related structures,
Knowledge organization and manipulation.
Module – III
Matching Techniques, Knowledge organizations, Management.
Module - IV
Natural Language processing, Pattern recognition, expert systems.
Text Book:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Dan W Patterson, Prentice Hall of India (1999) Chapter-4,
5,7,9,10,11,12,13,15.
Reference Books:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Nils J.Nilsson, ELSEVIER.
2. E.Rich and K.Knight, Artificial Intelligence, - TMH
, Overview of Artificial Intelligence
What is AI ?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines
find solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion.
This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and
applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way.
A more or less flexible or efficient approach can be taken depending on the
requirements established, which influences how artificial the intelligent behavior
appears
Artificial intelligence can be viewed from a variety of perspectives.
From the perspective of intelligence
artificial intelligence is making machines "intelligent" -- acting as we would
expect people to act.
o The inability to distinguish computer responses from human responses
is called the Turing test.
o Intelligence requires knowledge
o Expert problem solving - restricting domain to allow including
significant relevant knowledge
From a business perspective AI is a set of very powerful tools, and
methodologies for using those tools to solve business problems.
From a programming perspective, AI includes the study of symbolic
programming, problem solving, and search.
o Typically AI programs focus on symbols rather than numeric
processing.
o Problem solving - achieve goals.
o Search - seldom access a solution directly. Search may include a
variety of techniques.
o AI programming languages include:
– LISP, developed in the 1950s, is the early programming language
strongly associated with AI. LISP is a functional programming language with
procedural extensions. LISP (LISt Processor) was specifically designed for
LECTURE NOTES
(Subject Code: BCS-404)
for
Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science and Engineering
&
Information Technology
Department of Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology
Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology
(Formerly UCE, Burla)
Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha
Lecture Note Prepared by: Prof. Pradipta Kumar Das
Prof. D. Chandrasekhar Rao
Prof. Kishore Kumar Sahu
, DISCLAIMER
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be
used as a substitute for prescribed textbooks. The information
presented here is merely a collection by the committee members
for their respective teaching assignments. Various sources as
mentioned at the end of the document as well as freely available
material from internet were consulted for preparing this
document. The ownership of the information lies with the
respective authors or institutions.
, BCS-404 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (3-1-0) Cr.-04
Module - I
Formalized symbolic logic: Propositional logic-first order predicate logic, wff conversion
to clausal form, inference rules, the resolution principle, Dealing with inconsistencies and
uncertainties, fuzzy logic.
Module - II
Probabilistic Reasoning Structured knowledge, graphs, frames and related structures,
Knowledge organization and manipulation.
Module – III
Matching Techniques, Knowledge organizations, Management.
Module - IV
Natural Language processing, Pattern recognition, expert systems.
Text Book:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Dan W Patterson, Prentice Hall of India (1999) Chapter-4,
5,7,9,10,11,12,13,15.
Reference Books:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Nils J.Nilsson, ELSEVIER.
2. E.Rich and K.Knight, Artificial Intelligence, - TMH
, Overview of Artificial Intelligence
What is AI ?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines
find solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion.
This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and
applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way.
A more or less flexible or efficient approach can be taken depending on the
requirements established, which influences how artificial the intelligent behavior
appears
Artificial intelligence can be viewed from a variety of perspectives.
From the perspective of intelligence
artificial intelligence is making machines "intelligent" -- acting as we would
expect people to act.
o The inability to distinguish computer responses from human responses
is called the Turing test.
o Intelligence requires knowledge
o Expert problem solving - restricting domain to allow including
significant relevant knowledge
From a business perspective AI is a set of very powerful tools, and
methodologies for using those tools to solve business problems.
From a programming perspective, AI includes the study of symbolic
programming, problem solving, and search.
o Typically AI programs focus on symbols rather than numeric
processing.
o Problem solving - achieve goals.
o Search - seldom access a solution directly. Search may include a
variety of techniques.
o AI programming languages include:
– LISP, developed in the 1950s, is the early programming language
strongly associated with AI. LISP is a functional programming language with
procedural extensions. LISP (LISt Processor) was specifically designed for
