ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALLS & ABDOMINAL REGIONS
HUMAN ANATOMY BY DR. BEDA OLABU
We're going to look at the anatomy of the abdominal walls, as well as anatomy of
abdominal regions. This is the outline of what you are going to study. we're looking at
the structures that form the structures which form the layers of the anterior abdominal
wall. We're going to name the abdominal organs which are housed in those regions
and finally we will talk about the thoracic diaphragm On this one. the needle will go
through skin forms. The first layer of the anterolateral anterior brain wall. the amount of
campus fascia varies depending on individuals In some people who are very lean it's
hardly any. Although there yes. the outermost layer of muscle is the external oblique
abdominis. This muscle arises from the lower parts of the body of the abdomen. the
external oblique will be the first layer of muscle followed by the internal. Oblique and
lastly the transversus abdominis. after those layers of muscles. The next layer that we
encounter or the need will encounter is a layer of fascia which we call the fascia
transversalis beyond that then we encounter the peritoneum..
The layer of muscles that we encountered in the anterolateral zone behave this way.
There are flat muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. when this aponeurosis come
towards the paramedian region. They form a connective tissue sheet which we call the
rectus sheath, which contains a muscle within it. the needle will encounter the fascia
transversalis and finally pareto peritoneum.. If you are to be asked to name the
structures that form the midline of the anterior dominant wall, then we will still start
with the skin as we 've done before. After that we will talk about the fatty layer then
stop as layer as you did before, but then beyond there we don't mention the muscle
we mention rectus sheath.. The inguinal canal anatomy is an oblique trans-muscular
passage in the lower parts of the anterolateral abdominal wall. The canal is more
definite in males than. In females, apart from the spermatic codon, the round
Ligament..
There are some things that protect us from getting insinuation So at your own time. I
want you to think through that again and ask yourself. What are the anti-hernia
mechanisms. one of the most common surgical reasons why patients go to clinic all
right in as much as we 're saying is more common in males maybe not every man in
this class has ever gotten an inguinal hernia. the umbilicus. The novel is somewhere in
the middle now What you 're going to do next is very important. We divide the
abdomen into nine regions using two vertical lines and two horizontal lines.. as we give
names to these nine regions. We 're also going to name the abdominal organs which
are housed in each of the regions. the things you are going to name. Here are organs
within the abdomen don't start talking. About the lungs and the heart? I want
abdominal organs. the organs which are found in the left hypochondria include the
following I'll give you five here. I 'll start with the funders of the stomach, then the
spleen add to that list the tail of the pancreas then we can look at the mirror image
from the right..
You now two seconds to think through what is found in the left lumbar region, and if
we have a volunteer, you can just unmute and volunteer to tell us if you put up your
hand. I 'll enable your mic. Anyone want to volunteer what could be found in this
region. we come to this yellow region, which is the central part of the abdomen and
that's what we call the umbilical region. when the urinary blood is full it extends here
into the hypogastrium so that means we can mention a full urinary bladder. urinary
blood just extends the abdomen when it is full otherwise it is not found in the
abdomen. the uterus is an abdominal organ before 12 weeks. The uterus is a pelvic
organ. we divide the abdominal chord abdomen cavity into four quadrants using one
vertical line and one horizontal line. Those lines. pass through the umbilicus. the organs
found in each of these ones will be somewhat reflecting what we've already talked
,about.. The thoracic diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle that separates the thorax
from the abdomen..
The diaphragm is a primary muscle of respiration inhibited by the phrenic nerve.. The
muscle has three parts that those parts attached to the lumbar spine are known as the
crews of the diaphragm. the musculature of the diaphragm inserts into a central
aponeurotic region.. There are three well defined openings of the diaphragm muscle
and those structures will then go through openings.. The aortic opening is located at
the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. As the name suggests it is the opening of the
aorta.. The azygos vena system are the veins which drain the posterior abdominal wall
as well as the posterior chest wall.. The Azygos venous system is the structures which
go through the diaphragm at different openings, so when I ask you this question. Some
people didn't even see the tracker there because tracker was the correct response..
, ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PART I -
GENERAL ORGANIZATION & ANATOMY OF THE UPPER
GIT
HUMAN ANATOMY LECTURES BY DR. BEDA OLABU
The anatomy of the digestive system can be a bit long and so I 've chosen to divide this
into some five parts. We 'll do the lecture in five series in the first series, which you 're
going to do today. we 'll talk about some general concepts about anatomy of digestive
system. Then we look at the anatomy of the upper git. Then in our next session we will
look at anatomy of both the small intestine as well as the large intestine.. After that we
will focus on anatomy of liver, pancreas, biliary system and extrinsic library glands.
After that we'll look at development and congenital malformations of the liver.. The
digestive system is helpful in delivering both water as well as nutrients to the body. It is
the one that supplies the body with water and nutrients. The organs or glands, which
are not within the wall of the digestive system are extrinsic. However, these organs
produce their secretions into the lumen. the digestive system has endocrine functions.
Digestive system also helps to escape waste products. the acidity within the stomach
help to kill germs, but other than the acidity along the wall of the legislative system. We
also have several lymphoid aggregations. We call the mucosa associated lymphatic
tissue. those ones also help in fighting infections, so these are the key functions of the
digestive system..
food enters your mouth so the mouth is the first site from the mouth food goes through
your firings, which is somewhere there from the pharynx food goes to the oesophagus
from the stomach food would go to the small bowel or the small intestine and then the
large intestine. the upper oesophageal sphincter is of the junction between the
oesophagus and the stomach. We call the lower oesophageal sphincters. the lower
oesophagus. Oesophagus prevent back flow from the stool from the small bowel to the
large bowel. the internal anal sphincter consists of smooth muscles and the external is
voluntary to mean that it's made up skeletal muscles and so you have conscious
control over it.The JT well consists of four histological layers, the innermost being
called the mucosa, followed by what we call the submucosa and what you call the
muscular layer and lastly the adventitia or the serosa.. The mucosal layer consists of
three things. We have the epithelium that lines that particular segment of the
elementary canal.
Several parts of the elementary canal have mucosal glands and they may have different
names depending on where they are found. the ones in the intestines are called the
crypts of lieberkuhn. You can just call them the intestinal crypts. the mucosa and
largely still within the living appropriate contain the what you call malt. Malt stands for
mucosa associated lymphatic tissue.. The submucosal layer is a layer of dense irregular
connective tissue.. This layer is the one that largely provides structural integrity to the
wall of the jit. It 's the one. it also contains nerve plexuses the nerve flexors, which is
part of the enteric nerve. the entire net plexus of the. JT wall. Now usually the interior
plexus has consists of two plexus. There's one within the layer of the sub mucosa,
which controls secretions of the git. only two regions of the git have. Submucosal
glands in the oesophagus and duodenum. The glands of Bruna are important in
producing mucoid secretion that has high pH to be able to neutralize gastric acid. if
there are mucosal glands they 'll be located within the lamina appropriately..
At sphincters, the inner circular layer become more prominent compared to the outer
legitimate layer about at the region of the Pharynx.. The inner longitudinal and outer
circular layer of skeletal muscles is significantly thicker at the regions of the sphincters..
The stomach has three orientation of muscles instead of two so yes these two are there
HUMAN ANATOMY BY DR. BEDA OLABU
We're going to look at the anatomy of the abdominal walls, as well as anatomy of
abdominal regions. This is the outline of what you are going to study. we're looking at
the structures that form the structures which form the layers of the anterior abdominal
wall. We're going to name the abdominal organs which are housed in those regions
and finally we will talk about the thoracic diaphragm On this one. the needle will go
through skin forms. The first layer of the anterolateral anterior brain wall. the amount of
campus fascia varies depending on individuals In some people who are very lean it's
hardly any. Although there yes. the outermost layer of muscle is the external oblique
abdominis. This muscle arises from the lower parts of the body of the abdomen. the
external oblique will be the first layer of muscle followed by the internal. Oblique and
lastly the transversus abdominis. after those layers of muscles. The next layer that we
encounter or the need will encounter is a layer of fascia which we call the fascia
transversalis beyond that then we encounter the peritoneum..
The layer of muscles that we encountered in the anterolateral zone behave this way.
There are flat muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. when this aponeurosis come
towards the paramedian region. They form a connective tissue sheet which we call the
rectus sheath, which contains a muscle within it. the needle will encounter the fascia
transversalis and finally pareto peritoneum.. If you are to be asked to name the
structures that form the midline of the anterior dominant wall, then we will still start
with the skin as we 've done before. After that we will talk about the fatty layer then
stop as layer as you did before, but then beyond there we don't mention the muscle
we mention rectus sheath.. The inguinal canal anatomy is an oblique trans-muscular
passage in the lower parts of the anterolateral abdominal wall. The canal is more
definite in males than. In females, apart from the spermatic codon, the round
Ligament..
There are some things that protect us from getting insinuation So at your own time. I
want you to think through that again and ask yourself. What are the anti-hernia
mechanisms. one of the most common surgical reasons why patients go to clinic all
right in as much as we 're saying is more common in males maybe not every man in
this class has ever gotten an inguinal hernia. the umbilicus. The novel is somewhere in
the middle now What you 're going to do next is very important. We divide the
abdomen into nine regions using two vertical lines and two horizontal lines.. as we give
names to these nine regions. We 're also going to name the abdominal organs which
are housed in each of the regions. the things you are going to name. Here are organs
within the abdomen don't start talking. About the lungs and the heart? I want
abdominal organs. the organs which are found in the left hypochondria include the
following I'll give you five here. I 'll start with the funders of the stomach, then the
spleen add to that list the tail of the pancreas then we can look at the mirror image
from the right..
You now two seconds to think through what is found in the left lumbar region, and if
we have a volunteer, you can just unmute and volunteer to tell us if you put up your
hand. I 'll enable your mic. Anyone want to volunteer what could be found in this
region. we come to this yellow region, which is the central part of the abdomen and
that's what we call the umbilical region. when the urinary blood is full it extends here
into the hypogastrium so that means we can mention a full urinary bladder. urinary
blood just extends the abdomen when it is full otherwise it is not found in the
abdomen. the uterus is an abdominal organ before 12 weeks. The uterus is a pelvic
organ. we divide the abdominal chord abdomen cavity into four quadrants using one
vertical line and one horizontal line. Those lines. pass through the umbilicus. the organs
found in each of these ones will be somewhat reflecting what we've already talked
,about.. The thoracic diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle that separates the thorax
from the abdomen..
The diaphragm is a primary muscle of respiration inhibited by the phrenic nerve.. The
muscle has three parts that those parts attached to the lumbar spine are known as the
crews of the diaphragm. the musculature of the diaphragm inserts into a central
aponeurotic region.. There are three well defined openings of the diaphragm muscle
and those structures will then go through openings.. The aortic opening is located at
the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. As the name suggests it is the opening of the
aorta.. The azygos vena system are the veins which drain the posterior abdominal wall
as well as the posterior chest wall.. The Azygos venous system is the structures which
go through the diaphragm at different openings, so when I ask you this question. Some
people didn't even see the tracker there because tracker was the correct response..
, ANATOMY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PART I -
GENERAL ORGANIZATION & ANATOMY OF THE UPPER
GIT
HUMAN ANATOMY LECTURES BY DR. BEDA OLABU
The anatomy of the digestive system can be a bit long and so I 've chosen to divide this
into some five parts. We 'll do the lecture in five series in the first series, which you 're
going to do today. we 'll talk about some general concepts about anatomy of digestive
system. Then we look at the anatomy of the upper git. Then in our next session we will
look at anatomy of both the small intestine as well as the large intestine.. After that we
will focus on anatomy of liver, pancreas, biliary system and extrinsic library glands.
After that we'll look at development and congenital malformations of the liver.. The
digestive system is helpful in delivering both water as well as nutrients to the body. It is
the one that supplies the body with water and nutrients. The organs or glands, which
are not within the wall of the digestive system are extrinsic. However, these organs
produce their secretions into the lumen. the digestive system has endocrine functions.
Digestive system also helps to escape waste products. the acidity within the stomach
help to kill germs, but other than the acidity along the wall of the legislative system. We
also have several lymphoid aggregations. We call the mucosa associated lymphatic
tissue. those ones also help in fighting infections, so these are the key functions of the
digestive system..
food enters your mouth so the mouth is the first site from the mouth food goes through
your firings, which is somewhere there from the pharynx food goes to the oesophagus
from the stomach food would go to the small bowel or the small intestine and then the
large intestine. the upper oesophageal sphincter is of the junction between the
oesophagus and the stomach. We call the lower oesophageal sphincters. the lower
oesophagus. Oesophagus prevent back flow from the stool from the small bowel to the
large bowel. the internal anal sphincter consists of smooth muscles and the external is
voluntary to mean that it's made up skeletal muscles and so you have conscious
control over it.The JT well consists of four histological layers, the innermost being
called the mucosa, followed by what we call the submucosa and what you call the
muscular layer and lastly the adventitia or the serosa.. The mucosal layer consists of
three things. We have the epithelium that lines that particular segment of the
elementary canal.
Several parts of the elementary canal have mucosal glands and they may have different
names depending on where they are found. the ones in the intestines are called the
crypts of lieberkuhn. You can just call them the intestinal crypts. the mucosa and
largely still within the living appropriate contain the what you call malt. Malt stands for
mucosa associated lymphatic tissue.. The submucosal layer is a layer of dense irregular
connective tissue.. This layer is the one that largely provides structural integrity to the
wall of the jit. It 's the one. it also contains nerve plexuses the nerve flexors, which is
part of the enteric nerve. the entire net plexus of the. JT wall. Now usually the interior
plexus has consists of two plexus. There's one within the layer of the sub mucosa,
which controls secretions of the git. only two regions of the git have. Submucosal
glands in the oesophagus and duodenum. The glands of Bruna are important in
producing mucoid secretion that has high pH to be able to neutralize gastric acid. if
there are mucosal glands they 'll be located within the lamina appropriately..
At sphincters, the inner circular layer become more prominent compared to the outer
legitimate layer about at the region of the Pharynx.. The inner longitudinal and outer
circular layer of skeletal muscles is significantly thicker at the regions of the sphincters..
The stomach has three orientation of muscles instead of two so yes these two are there
