VME3001 Exam 1,2 and 3 with complete solution
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Suborder, Family of canids
Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae
species found in what is now SW TX, resembles canids
Prohespercyon wilsoni
canidae subfamilies
- hesperocyoninae
- borophaginae
- caninae
hesperocyoninae
- earliest branch of canidae
- extinct
borophaginae
- earliest animal of canidae found in this subfamily
- N. America
caninae
- ONLY living subfamily
canidae found on every continent except:
Antartica
domestic dog originally classified as Canis __________ by Carolus
_____________. Then reclassified as Canis ____________ ________________
familiaris; Linnaeus; lupus familiaris
reclassification of domestic dog as Canis lupus familiaris instead of Canis
familiaris result of studies on:
- behavior
- vocalizations
- morphology
- molecular biology
domestication of dogs occurred __________ years ago during the ____________
__________________
30,000; Upper Paleolithic
Archaeology "eras"
Stone Age
-Paleolithic era (lower ---> middle --> upper)
- mesolithic era
-neolithic era
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Upper paleolithic
- earliest remains of organized human settlements
- before agriculture
~30,000 years ago
- earliest skull remains of dog found in Belgium cave
- resembles siberian husky and shepherds
theories on start of domestication of dogs:
, - hunters "adopted" wolf pups
- wolf packs grew comfortable w/ humans
natural selection
best adapted individuals survive and reproduce
- cause changes in allele frequencies in populations
genetic drift
random changes in frequency of alleles
- leads to evolution (happens in POPULATIONS)
oldest groups of dogs/ most related to wolves/ greatest genetic variability
asian and african breeds (Akita, Basenji)
first evidence of a dog breed
~5,000 years ago in Egyptian artwork
saluki
- one of oldest known breeds
- Bedouin tribes
- hunting, not to kill prey
- lanky
pekingnese
- written standard for what it should look like
- ~2-3000 years ago
papillon
- 150-400 years ago, 1500s
- Europe
during this time period, there were more people (middle class) that were owning
and breeding dogs
Industrial revolution
why is dog breeding "extreme" when compared to other domesticated animals?
tandem repeats (short pieces of repeated DNA) --> high mutation rates
longer lifespans + genetic predisposition leads to
increased rates of cancer
cancer accounts for _______ the deaths of pets 10 years or older
1/2
cancer risk factors
- breed
- age
- gender
- environ.
metastisis
spread and establishment of cancer cells to distant areas
majority of cancer deaths due to __________________ NOT primary tumor
metastisis (usually to pulmonary areas)
cancer spreads through:
- lymphatics (carcinomas)
- vascular channels (sarcomas)
- directly (mesothelioma)
neoplasia
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Suborder, Family of canids
Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Carnivora, Caniformia, Canidae
species found in what is now SW TX, resembles canids
Prohespercyon wilsoni
canidae subfamilies
- hesperocyoninae
- borophaginae
- caninae
hesperocyoninae
- earliest branch of canidae
- extinct
borophaginae
- earliest animal of canidae found in this subfamily
- N. America
caninae
- ONLY living subfamily
canidae found on every continent except:
Antartica
domestic dog originally classified as Canis __________ by Carolus
_____________. Then reclassified as Canis ____________ ________________
familiaris; Linnaeus; lupus familiaris
reclassification of domestic dog as Canis lupus familiaris instead of Canis
familiaris result of studies on:
- behavior
- vocalizations
- morphology
- molecular biology
domestication of dogs occurred __________ years ago during the ____________
__________________
30,000; Upper Paleolithic
Archaeology "eras"
Stone Age
-Paleolithic era (lower ---> middle --> upper)
- mesolithic era
-neolithic era
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Upper paleolithic
- earliest remains of organized human settlements
- before agriculture
~30,000 years ago
- earliest skull remains of dog found in Belgium cave
- resembles siberian husky and shepherds
theories on start of domestication of dogs:
, - hunters "adopted" wolf pups
- wolf packs grew comfortable w/ humans
natural selection
best adapted individuals survive and reproduce
- cause changes in allele frequencies in populations
genetic drift
random changes in frequency of alleles
- leads to evolution (happens in POPULATIONS)
oldest groups of dogs/ most related to wolves/ greatest genetic variability
asian and african breeds (Akita, Basenji)
first evidence of a dog breed
~5,000 years ago in Egyptian artwork
saluki
- one of oldest known breeds
- Bedouin tribes
- hunting, not to kill prey
- lanky
pekingnese
- written standard for what it should look like
- ~2-3000 years ago
papillon
- 150-400 years ago, 1500s
- Europe
during this time period, there were more people (middle class) that were owning
and breeding dogs
Industrial revolution
why is dog breeding "extreme" when compared to other domesticated animals?
tandem repeats (short pieces of repeated DNA) --> high mutation rates
longer lifespans + genetic predisposition leads to
increased rates of cancer
cancer accounts for _______ the deaths of pets 10 years or older
1/2
cancer risk factors
- breed
- age
- gender
- environ.
metastisis
spread and establishment of cancer cells to distant areas
majority of cancer deaths due to __________________ NOT primary tumor
metastisis (usually to pulmonary areas)
cancer spreads through:
- lymphatics (carcinomas)
- vascular channels (sarcomas)
- directly (mesothelioma)
neoplasia
