EPA LEAD INSPECTOR
1. Lead-based paint (LBP): Any varnish, shallac, or coating that contains
either-
1.0 mg/cm2 - 0.5 % by weight - 5000 ppm - Older instruments could
not read accurately at 0.7, so the lead standard was updated to 1.0
2. Dust sample clearance values: - Floors: 40 ¼g/ft2 > 10 ¼g/ft2 (10
¼g/ft2 in NY) - Windows: 250 g¼/ft2 > 100 ¼g/ft2 (50 ¼g/ft2 in NY) -
Window wells (troughs): 400 ¼g/ft2 (100 ¼g/ft2 in NY) - Samples must
be at 1 sq ft > 2 sq ft (can be reduced to 1 sq ft if within 10 ¼g)
3. EPA Soil Regulations: - 400 ppm for playgrounds/children's areas -
1200 ppm for rest of yard - There must be 9 sq ft of soil to classify with
soil testing - At 5000 ppm, MUST remediate/abate (remove & replace,
paving, or bioremediation)
4. Lab sampling technique: - AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) -
Sample is placed into a furnace and vaporized ... light is shone through
to give a quantitative result
5. XRF: - X-ray fluorescence - Utilizes radioactive isotopes (unstable
material try- ing to reach stability) - Cobalt-57 (half-life of 9 months)
and cadmium-109 (half-life of 15 months) are the two sources (where
radiation originates) - Emits gamma rays but will read X-rays
(backscatters) - Ionizing radiation from the removal of electrons due to
interactions with radiation
6. LBP Hazard: ANY condition that causes exposure to lead
1/
,7. LBP inspection: a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the
presence of lead
8. CPSC: - Consumer Product Safety Commission - Set a lead paint
standard: cannot contain 0.06% lead by weight ... updated to
0.009% - The commission banned lead-based paint in 1978
9. True/False: Dust sampling only done for hazard assessments: True;
only risk assessors take samples to determine likelihood of coming
into contact with contaminants
10.What kind of sampling must be done for inspections?: Random ...
repeats must be annotated then you move onto the next
11.HUD Guidelines for abatement: Must last 20 years. Includes the
following procedures: - Removal - Enclosure - Replacement -
Encapsulation Painting over is a temporary fix!
12.Water standards for lead: - 15 ppb under the Clean Water Act (CWA)
- 5 ppb under the FDA standard (bottled water) *These are the ONLY
instances where ppb is used
2/
, 13.Why was lead used so much?: - Durable - Colorful - Anti-corrosive -
Anti-fun- gal - Drying agent
14.What does RRP do?: - Renovation, Repairing, and Painting program -
Pro- vided enforcement to Title X in 2010 ... $37,500 fines for violation
- Dust sampling technicians can only sample for RRP projects
15.What must you do if a pre-1978 site is not tested?: Presume lead-
based paint.
16.Where is LBP still allowed?: Commercial purposes/boats
17.What are the major industrial uses of lead?: Present - Electrical
batteries - Chemical additives Past - Paint additive - Gasoline additive
(now in soil ... doesn't permeate quickly, so sample TOP portions (12
in)) - Solder/pipes
18.What are the common pathways of contamination?: - For children
under 6, hand-to-mouth contact from DUST ... lead tastes sweet (pica
is the term for consumption of non-food items) - For adults,
occupational exposure (take-home lead ... pets can contribute too)
19.Chronic vs. acute exposure: - Chronic: low dose, long period -
Acute: high dose, short period
20.How do you treat lead poisoning?: - Chelation therapy - Binding
agents attach to lead in the blood, allowing it to be excreted -
Chelating agents cannot distinguish lead from minerals, so the
therapy causes demineralization - Done at a blood lead of 45 ¼g/dL
21.Where does lead contamination in water come from?: Solder, brass
3/
1. Lead-based paint (LBP): Any varnish, shallac, or coating that contains
either-
1.0 mg/cm2 - 0.5 % by weight - 5000 ppm - Older instruments could
not read accurately at 0.7, so the lead standard was updated to 1.0
2. Dust sample clearance values: - Floors: 40 ¼g/ft2 > 10 ¼g/ft2 (10
¼g/ft2 in NY) - Windows: 250 g¼/ft2 > 100 ¼g/ft2 (50 ¼g/ft2 in NY) -
Window wells (troughs): 400 ¼g/ft2 (100 ¼g/ft2 in NY) - Samples must
be at 1 sq ft > 2 sq ft (can be reduced to 1 sq ft if within 10 ¼g)
3. EPA Soil Regulations: - 400 ppm for playgrounds/children's areas -
1200 ppm for rest of yard - There must be 9 sq ft of soil to classify with
soil testing - At 5000 ppm, MUST remediate/abate (remove & replace,
paving, or bioremediation)
4. Lab sampling technique: - AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) -
Sample is placed into a furnace and vaporized ... light is shone through
to give a quantitative result
5. XRF: - X-ray fluorescence - Utilizes radioactive isotopes (unstable
material try- ing to reach stability) - Cobalt-57 (half-life of 9 months)
and cadmium-109 (half-life of 15 months) are the two sources (where
radiation originates) - Emits gamma rays but will read X-rays
(backscatters) - Ionizing radiation from the removal of electrons due to
interactions with radiation
6. LBP Hazard: ANY condition that causes exposure to lead
1/
,7. LBP inspection: a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the
presence of lead
8. CPSC: - Consumer Product Safety Commission - Set a lead paint
standard: cannot contain 0.06% lead by weight ... updated to
0.009% - The commission banned lead-based paint in 1978
9. True/False: Dust sampling only done for hazard assessments: True;
only risk assessors take samples to determine likelihood of coming
into contact with contaminants
10.What kind of sampling must be done for inspections?: Random ...
repeats must be annotated then you move onto the next
11.HUD Guidelines for abatement: Must last 20 years. Includes the
following procedures: - Removal - Enclosure - Replacement -
Encapsulation Painting over is a temporary fix!
12.Water standards for lead: - 15 ppb under the Clean Water Act (CWA)
- 5 ppb under the FDA standard (bottled water) *These are the ONLY
instances where ppb is used
2/
, 13.Why was lead used so much?: - Durable - Colorful - Anti-corrosive -
Anti-fun- gal - Drying agent
14.What does RRP do?: - Renovation, Repairing, and Painting program -
Pro- vided enforcement to Title X in 2010 ... $37,500 fines for violation
- Dust sampling technicians can only sample for RRP projects
15.What must you do if a pre-1978 site is not tested?: Presume lead-
based paint.
16.Where is LBP still allowed?: Commercial purposes/boats
17.What are the major industrial uses of lead?: Present - Electrical
batteries - Chemical additives Past - Paint additive - Gasoline additive
(now in soil ... doesn't permeate quickly, so sample TOP portions (12
in)) - Solder/pipes
18.What are the common pathways of contamination?: - For children
under 6, hand-to-mouth contact from DUST ... lead tastes sweet (pica
is the term for consumption of non-food items) - For adults,
occupational exposure (take-home lead ... pets can contribute too)
19.Chronic vs. acute exposure: - Chronic: low dose, long period -
Acute: high dose, short period
20.How do you treat lead poisoning?: - Chelation therapy - Binding
agents attach to lead in the blood, allowing it to be excreted -
Chelating agents cannot distinguish lead from minerals, so the
therapy causes demineralization - Done at a blood lead of 45 ¼g/dL
21.Where does lead contamination in water come from?: Solder, brass
3/
