Notes of Chapter 1: Basics of Internet
• Internet: It is a global network of computer networks. It comprises of
millions of computing devices that carry and transfer volumes of information
from one device to the other.
WWW
• History of World Wide Web (WWW):
→ Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
→ By the end of 1990, the first Web page was served.
→ In April 1993, the World Wide Web technology was available for anyone to
use on a royalty-free basis.
• Definition of WWW: The World Wide Web (WWW) is an internet based
service, which uses common set of rules known as Protocols, to distribute
documents across the Internet in a standard way.
Difference between Internet and WWW
• The Internet is a massive network of networks. It connects millions of
computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to
the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of
languages known as protocols.
• The World Wide Web or simply Web is a massive collection of digital pages
to access information over the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, to
transmit data and allows applications to communicate in order to exchange
business logic. The Web also uses browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Google
Chrome etc. to access Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks.
, Notes of Chapter 1: Basics of Internet
Search Engines
• Definition: Search engines are the programs which are needed to extract the
information from the internet.
• Working of Search Engines:
→ Web crawling: Web search engines work by storing information about many
web pages. These pages are retrieved by the program known as Web crawler -
which follows every link on the site. Web crawler may also be called a Web spider.
→ Indexing: Indexing also known as web indexing, it stores data to facilitate
fast and accurate information retrieval. It is done by program called Indexer.
→ Searching: A web search query fetches the result from the web search
engine entered by the user to meet his information needs.
• Examples: Google, Yahoo, Bing, Ask
Web Server
• Definition: A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. The
entire structure of the Internet is based upon a client-server model.
• Uses:
→ The most common use of web servers is to host websites.
→ The web server also deliver web pages to clients.
• The communication between the client node and server node takes place
using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
, Notes of Chapter 1: Basics of Internet
Server Software
• A web server commonly known as HTTP server or application server is a
program that serves content using the HTTP protocol.
• The server content served by the web server can be static content or dynamic
content.
• Different Server Software:
→ Apache web server - the HTTP web server: This is free and open source web
server and can be installed and made to work on almost all operating systems
including Linux, Unix, Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. Almost, 60%
of the web server machines run the Apache web server.
→ Apache Tomcat: This is free and open source web server that can run on
different operating systems like Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac OS X, Free BSD. It
was developed to support servlets and JSP scripts. It can serve as a standalone
server.
→ Lighttpd: It is a free and open source web server distributed with the
FreeBSD operating system. This is fast, secure and consumes much less CPU
power. Lighttpd can also run on Windows,
Mac OS X, Linux and Solaris operating systems.
→ Jigsaw: Jigsaw (W3C’s Server) is introduced by the World Wide Web
Consortium. It is open source and free and can run on various platforms like
Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac OS X Free BSD etc. Jigsaw is written in Java thus
can run CGI scripts and PHP programs.
• Internet: It is a global network of computer networks. It comprises of
millions of computing devices that carry and transfer volumes of information
from one device to the other.
WWW
• History of World Wide Web (WWW):
→ Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
→ By the end of 1990, the first Web page was served.
→ In April 1993, the World Wide Web technology was available for anyone to
use on a royalty-free basis.
• Definition of WWW: The World Wide Web (WWW) is an internet based
service, which uses common set of rules known as Protocols, to distribute
documents across the Internet in a standard way.
Difference between Internet and WWW
• The Internet is a massive network of networks. It connects millions of
computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to
the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of
languages known as protocols.
• The World Wide Web or simply Web is a massive collection of digital pages
to access information over the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, to
transmit data and allows applications to communicate in order to exchange
business logic. The Web also uses browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Google
Chrome etc. to access Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks.
, Notes of Chapter 1: Basics of Internet
Search Engines
• Definition: Search engines are the programs which are needed to extract the
information from the internet.
• Working of Search Engines:
→ Web crawling: Web search engines work by storing information about many
web pages. These pages are retrieved by the program known as Web crawler -
which follows every link on the site. Web crawler may also be called a Web spider.
→ Indexing: Indexing also known as web indexing, it stores data to facilitate
fast and accurate information retrieval. It is done by program called Indexer.
→ Searching: A web search query fetches the result from the web search
engine entered by the user to meet his information needs.
• Examples: Google, Yahoo, Bing, Ask
Web Server
• Definition: A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. The
entire structure of the Internet is based upon a client-server model.
• Uses:
→ The most common use of web servers is to host websites.
→ The web server also deliver web pages to clients.
• The communication between the client node and server node takes place
using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
, Notes of Chapter 1: Basics of Internet
Server Software
• A web server commonly known as HTTP server or application server is a
program that serves content using the HTTP protocol.
• The server content served by the web server can be static content or dynamic
content.
• Different Server Software:
→ Apache web server - the HTTP web server: This is free and open source web
server and can be installed and made to work on almost all operating systems
including Linux, Unix, Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. Almost, 60%
of the web server machines run the Apache web server.
→ Apache Tomcat: This is free and open source web server that can run on
different operating systems like Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac OS X, Free BSD. It
was developed to support servlets and JSP scripts. It can serve as a standalone
server.
→ Lighttpd: It is a free and open source web server distributed with the
FreeBSD operating system. This is fast, secure and consumes much less CPU
power. Lighttpd can also run on Windows,
Mac OS X, Linux and Solaris operating systems.
→ Jigsaw: Jigsaw (W3C’s Server) is introduced by the World Wide Web
Consortium. It is open source and free and can run on various platforms like
Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac OS X Free BSD etc. Jigsaw is written in Java thus
can run CGI scripts and PHP programs.
