ARDMS Abdomen Board Questions And Answers Rated A+

ARDMS Abdomen Board Questions And Answers Rated A+ 3 layers of Aorta Ans- Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia What is the tunica intima made of Ans- endothelial cells (inner layer) What is the tunica media made of Ans- muscle, thicker and more organized layer in arteries (middle layer) What is the tunica adventitia made of Ans- epithelial cells (outer layer) Where does the aorta arise from Ans- Left ventricle Where is the aorta located Ans- Anterior and to the left of the spine and left of the IVC (most posterior abdominal vessel) Name the paired branches of aorta Ans- Suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, lumbar arteries, and common iliac arteries Name the unpaired branches of the aorta Ans- celiac axis (common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery), SMA, IMA, median sacral artery Name the anterior branches of the aorta Ans- celiac axis, SMA, IMA, gonadal arteries, and median sacral artery Name the lateral branches of aorta Ans- suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, and common iliac arteries Where do the common iliac arteries bifurcate Ans- L3-4 Average normal proximal measurement of aorta Ans- 2.0 - 2.6 cm Average normal mid measurement of aorta Ans- 1.6 - 2.4 cm Average normal distal measurement of aorta Ans- 1.1 - 2.0 cm Normal measurement of iliac arteries Ans- 0.6 - 1.4 cm What is the most common type of AAA Ans- fusiform What is the most common location of AAA Ans- infrarenal Where does aortic dissection most commonly occur Ans- ascending aorta and arch What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis Ans- atherosclerosis Where does retroperitoneal fibrosis most commonly occur at Ans- aortic bifurcation and below What is the most common location of splanchnic artery aneurysm Ans- splenic artery Where does the IVC and SVC empty Ans- right atrium What are the tributaries of the IVC Ans- CIV, lumbar veins, gonadal veins, renal veins, suprarenal veins, hepatic veins What is the most common variation of IVC anatomy Ans- duplicated IVC What is a transposed IVC Ans- IVC on left side of abdomen and crosses anterior to aorta What is an interrupted IVC Ans- congenital anomaly where IVC doesn't extend the entire way to the right atrium Dilated hemiazygos and azygos veins indicate what Ans- interrupted IVC, IVC obstruction, and IVC overload What is the largest soft tissue organ Ans- liver The liver is encapsulated by Ans- Glisson capsule Bare areas of the liver Ans- portion of liver not covered by peritoneum/capsule. Fluid cannot accumulate here because liver is indirect contact with diaphragm What are the bare areas of the liver Ans- GB fossa, porta hepatis, and superior surface to the right of IVC Where is the porta hepatis located Ans- liver hilum on the inferior surface of liver What is the porta hepatis bordered by Ans- GB fossa and lig teres What is the portal triad Ans- portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct What is contained in the extrahepatic portal triad Ans- MPV, proper hepatic artery, and CBD What forms the right boundary of the caudate lobe Ans- GB fossa What is the normal size of the liver Ans- 13.5 - 15.5 cm What is the normal size of the pediatric liver Ans- Normal liver should not extend more than 1 cm below the costal margin What separates the right and left lobes of the liver Ans- main lobar fissure Right lobe of the liver is ___x the size of left lobe Ans- 6x The medial left lobe of liver was formerly called the Ans- quadrate lobe Where is the caudate lobe located Ans- between IVC and medial left lobe, occupies posterior surface of the liver What do the triangular ligaments do of the liver Ans- Right and left, attaches superior liver to diaphragm, located at medial and lateral edges of bare area What is the coronary ligament of the liver Ans- right and left suspend the posterior superior surface of the liver from diaphragm, lateral margins form the triangular ligaments What is the falciform ligament of the liver Ans- attaches anterior surface to abdominal wall from diaphragm to umbilicus What is the ligamentum teres Ans- separates medial and lateral left lobes, remnant of umbilical vein What is the ligamentum teres also called Ans- Round Ligament What is the ligamentum Venosum Ans- remnant of ductus venosus from fetal circulation, thin echogenic line anterior to the caudate lobe, separates caudate lobe from left lobe medial segment What is the hepatoduodenal ligament Ans- peritoneal folds at the porta hepatis that surround the portal vein, bile duct, and hepatic artery What is the main lobar fissure Ans- divides right and left lobes, connects the GB and IVC fossa What is the Couinaud's Liver Segments Ans- method for liver lesion localization and surgical planning, divides liver into 8 functional segments The right and left lobes of liver are separated by imaginary line from GB fossa to IVC called Ans- the RexCantlie line The right lobe is segmented into Ans- 2 anterior and 2 posterior lobes The left lobe is segmented into Ans- 2 medial and 2 lateral segments Name the 8 Couinaud's Liver Segments Ans- 1. Caudate 2. Left lateral superior segment 3. Left lateral inferior segment 4a. Left medial superior segment 4b. Left medial inferior segment 5. Right anterior inferior segment 6. Right posterior inferior segment 7. Right posterior superior segment 8. Right anterior superior segment What is the right branch of the celiac axis Ans- common hepatic artery What does the common hepatic artery supply Ans- liver, GB, stomach What percent of blood does the common hepatic artery carry into the liver Ans- 20% What percent of blood does the main portal vein carry into the liver Ans- 80% What does the gastroduodenal artery supply Ans- pancreas and stomach What does the proper hepatic artery supply Ans- liver and GB What is the RI of the hepatic artery Ans- low resistance, .55 - .8 What does the portal venous system drain Ans- blood from the digestive tract and delivers it to the liver for filtration The IMV joins the splenic vein near the Ans- tail of the pancreas What is the portal confluence Ans- confluence of SMV and splenic vein posterior to the head of pancreas What does the MPV drain Ans- GI tract and sends blood to liver for filtration The hepatic veins divide the liver into Ans- lobes (intersegmental veins) What is the normal pressure in the portal vein Ans- 5-10 mmHg A normal portal vein will ___________ in diameter by more than 20% with deep inspiration Ansincrease What is the normal diameter of the MPV Ans- 13 mm What is the normal velocity of the MPV Ans- 15-20 m/s The splenic vein courses ______________ to the pancreas where it meets with the ___ Ans- posterior where it meets with the IMV After the splenic vein joins the IMV, it then joins the ___ to form the main portal vein ____________ to the neck of the pancreas Ans- SMV to form the MPV posterior to neck of the pancreas What does the splenic vein drain Ans- stomach, spleen, pancreas Where does the SMV originate Ans- at the mesentery The SMV joins the ______ vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form ___ Ans- splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the MPV What does the SMV drain Ans- small intestine and proximal colon Where does the IMV arise from Ans- colon The IMV ascends to the left of the ____ Ans- IMA The IMV joins _________ vein posterior to body of pancreas Ans- splenic vein posterior to body of pancreas What does the IMV drain Ans- distal colon Where do the hepatic veins enter IVC Ans- just below the diaphragm The hepatic veins drain blood from the ________ and return it to the heart Ans- liver What is the most common variation in hepatic vein anatomy Ans- an accessory right hepatic vein What is the direction of flow in the hepat