Advanced Pathophysiology NR 507 Final Exam
1. Fat Soluble Hormones: Steroids
2. Water Soluble Hormones: Need 2nd Messenger to transport
across phospho- lipid membranes
3. Pituitary Hormones: TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin, ADH,
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
4. Anterior Pituitary: Acct for 75% of total weight of pituitary gland.
Three regions, pars distalis, parts tuberalis, and pars intermedia. Pars
distalis is major component of Anterior Pituitary and source of Anterior
Pituitary Hormones.
5. Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis): Arises from 3rd ventricle
of brain, consists of three parts, median eminence, pituitary stalk, and
infundibular process (pars nervosa or neural tube). Median eminence
is composed mainly of nerve endings of axons that arise primarily
from ventral hypothalamus.
6. Hypothalamic releasing Hormones in Posterior pituitary's
median em- inence.: Includes 10 hypothalamic releasing
hormones and neurotransmitters such as dopamine,
,norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
7. Pituitary stalk: contains axons of neurons that originate in the
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
8. Hormones of posterior pituitary: ADH, and Oxytocin (Peptide
Hormones)
9. ADH (antidiuretic Hormone): Major homeostatic function of
posterior pituitary is control of plasma osmolality, as regulated by ADH
10.Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues
(Hypophysiotropic hormones): HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing
Hormone (TRH), Go- nadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH),
Somatostatin, Growth hormone-releas- ing hormone (GHRH),
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing
factor. TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
11.Somatostatin: Inhibits release of growth hormone and TSH
12.Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone: Stimulates release of FSH
and LH
13.Dopamine: Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin
,14.Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF): Stimulate secretion of prolactin
15.Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their function:
ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH, Somatotropic
hormones, GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein hormones
, 16.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): SECRETORY CELL
TYPE: Corti- cotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and androgenic
hormones
17.Prolactin,: Milk production
18.TSH: Increased production and secretion of thyroid hormone
19.Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Ovulation, progesterone production
(in glanulosa cells)
20.Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Follicle maturation,
estrogen produc- tion (In Women: Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli
Cells)
21.B-Lipotropin: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids
(Corticotropic, from Adipose Cells)
22.B-Endorphins: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food and
water intake (Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid receptors)
23.ADH functions: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality. Acts of
Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to increase
1. Fat Soluble Hormones: Steroids
2. Water Soluble Hormones: Need 2nd Messenger to transport
across phospho- lipid membranes
3. Pituitary Hormones: TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin, ADH,
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
4. Anterior Pituitary: Acct for 75% of total weight of pituitary gland.
Three regions, pars distalis, parts tuberalis, and pars intermedia. Pars
distalis is major component of Anterior Pituitary and source of Anterior
Pituitary Hormones.
5. Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis): Arises from 3rd ventricle
of brain, consists of three parts, median eminence, pituitary stalk, and
infundibular process (pars nervosa or neural tube). Median eminence
is composed mainly of nerve endings of axons that arise primarily
from ventral hypothalamus.
6. Hypothalamic releasing Hormones in Posterior pituitary's
median em- inence.: Includes 10 hypothalamic releasing
hormones and neurotransmitters such as dopamine,
,norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
7. Pituitary stalk: contains axons of neurons that originate in the
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.
8. Hormones of posterior pituitary: ADH, and Oxytocin (Peptide
Hormones)
9. ADH (antidiuretic Hormone): Major homeostatic function of
posterior pituitary is control of plasma osmolality, as regulated by ADH
10.Hypothalamic hormones and target tissues
(Hypophysiotropic hormones): HORMONES: Thyrotropin Releasing
Hormone (TRH), Go- nadotropoin-releasing hormone (GnRH),
Somatostatin, Growth hormone-releas- ing hormone (GHRH),
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
Substance P, Dopamine, Prolactin-releasing
factor. TARGET Tissue: Anterior Pituitary
11.Somatostatin: Inhibits release of growth hormone and TSH
12.Gonadotropoin-releasing hormone: Stimulates release of FSH
and LH
13.Dopamine: Inhibits synthesis and secretion of prolactin
,14.Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF): Stimulate secretion of prolactin
15.Tropic Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and their function:
ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH, Somatotropic
hormones, GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, glycoprotein hormones
, 16.Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): SECRETORY CELL
TYPE: Corti- cotropic
TARGET ORGANS: Adrenal Gland (cortex)
FUNCTIONS: Increased steroidogenesis (cortisol, and androgenic
hormones
17.Prolactin,: Milk production
18.TSH: Increased production and secretion of thyroid hormone
19.Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Ovulation, progesterone production
(in glanulosa cells)
20.Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Follicle maturation,
estrogen produc- tion (In Women: Granulosa Cells, In Men: Sertoli
Cells)
21.B-Lipotropin: Fat breakdown and release of fatty acids
(Corticotropic, from Adipose Cells)
22.B-Endorphins: Analgesia; may regulate body temp, food and
water intake (Corticotropic, Adipose cells, brain opioid receptors)
23.ADH functions: Homeostasis, control plasma osmolality. Acts of
Vasopressin 2 (V2) receptors of renal tubular cells to increase
