PATHO NR 283 EXAM 1
1. In regards to chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as
what?-
: Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division
2. What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease?: Huntington's
dis- ease
3. What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease?: Cystic fibrosis
4. What is an example of an X-linked condition?: Red - green color
blindness
5. What is an example of multifactorial inheritance?: Pyloric stenosis
6. Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might expect the following
sys- tem is consistent with systemic manifestations of cellular injury
during a myocardial infarction (select all that apply)
A. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
C. Increased leukocytes
D. Pain
E. Increase heart rate
F. Fever
G. Elevated Creatinine Kinase
H. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (ALT/SGPT): A. elevated
aspartate aminotransferase
C. increased leukocytes
,E. increased HR
G. elevated creatinine kinase
H. elevated alanin aminostransferase
7. The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process
includes which changes that occur as part of the normal aging process?
(select all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
F. Increased formation of autoantibodies: A. Decreased muscle tone,
wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies
, 8. What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury and
disease?: Pathogens can be sloughed off by mechanical means, such
as falling off in dead skin cells, coughing or sneezing, vomiting, or
flushing from the urinary tract in urine.
9. How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated
with it also help to protect us from infection?: There is a low pH on the
skin and stomach that generally inhibits microorganisms
10.If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be
considered to be a hero, at least when it is in a controlled state, what
heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling associated
with inflammation actually help with the healing process? Erythema and
warmth at a site of injury typically cause discomfort, but how might one
take solace in the fact that the response is being initiated?: It prevents
and/or limits infection
and additional damage by initiating the influx of plasma, plasma
proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the
blood vessels to the injury. It recruits members of the adaptive
immunity community to launch a more specific defense against the
pathogens and enhances the healing process.
11.What causes redness at the site of inflammation?: Vasodilation of
arteri- oles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells
but then spasm to stop the bleeding
12.What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs?:
Neu- trophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins
1. In regards to chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as
what?-
: Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division
2. What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease?: Huntington's
dis- ease
3. What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease?: Cystic fibrosis
4. What is an example of an X-linked condition?: Red - green color
blindness
5. What is an example of multifactorial inheritance?: Pyloric stenosis
6. Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might expect the following
sys- tem is consistent with systemic manifestations of cellular injury
during a myocardial infarction (select all that apply)
A. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
C. Increased leukocytes
D. Pain
E. Increase heart rate
F. Fever
G. Elevated Creatinine Kinase
H. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (ALT/SGPT): A. elevated
aspartate aminotransferase
C. increased leukocytes
,E. increased HR
G. elevated creatinine kinase
H. elevated alanin aminostransferase
7. The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process
includes which changes that occur as part of the normal aging process?
(select all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
F. Increased formation of autoantibodies: A. Decreased muscle tone,
wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies
, 8. What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury and
disease?: Pathogens can be sloughed off by mechanical means, such
as falling off in dead skin cells, coughing or sneezing, vomiting, or
flushing from the urinary tract in urine.
9. How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated
with it also help to protect us from infection?: There is a low pH on the
skin and stomach that generally inhibits microorganisms
10.If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be
considered to be a hero, at least when it is in a controlled state, what
heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling associated
with inflammation actually help with the healing process? Erythema and
warmth at a site of injury typically cause discomfort, but how might one
take solace in the fact that the response is being initiated?: It prevents
and/or limits infection
and additional damage by initiating the influx of plasma, plasma
proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the
blood vessels to the injury. It recruits members of the adaptive
immunity community to launch a more specific defense against the
pathogens and enhances the healing process.
11.What causes redness at the site of inflammation?: Vasodilation of
arteri- oles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells
but then spasm to stop the bleeding
12.What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs?:
Neu- trophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins
