SUMMARY CULTURE
AND DIVERSITY AT
WORK
,Inhoudsopgave
Week 1 .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
What is diversity? ............................................................................................................................................... 2
Diversity and the labor market ........................................................................................................................... 2
Why organizations work with diversity .............................................................................................................. 3
Week 2 .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Stereotypes ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Solo status .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Token status ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Week 3 .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Self-fulfilling prophecies .................................................................................................................................... 8
Stigmatization ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Stereotype threat ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Week 4 .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
What is discrimination?.................................................................................................................................... 12
When and how does discrimination occur? ...................................................................................................... 13
How do we do research on discrimination? ..................................................................................................... 15
Week 5 .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Explaining different outcomes for diverse groups ............................................................................................ 16
Contact hypothesis ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Solutions through categorization ..................................................................................................................... 18
Color-blind versus group-conscious approach ................................................................................................ 18
Week 6 .................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Diverse leaders ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Diverse leadership ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Inclusive leadership.......................................................................................................................................... 25
Week 7 .................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Diversity and inclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Needs assessment ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Diversity training ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Conflict intervention ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Coaching .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Evaluation research ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Week 8 .................................................................................................................................................................. 30
1
, Culture & diversity at work
Week 1
Social psychological processes that play a role in the field of work and organizations with
regard to culture and diversity.
Overview of course
Theory and research regarding the impact of diversity on group processes, motivation, and
performance
- Benefits
- Challenges presented by diversity on
o Recruitment and selection
o Evaluation
o Leadership
o Decision making
- Effects of
o Stereotypes and prejudice → hiring and career development?
o Group composition → teamwork?
o Group processes → motivation and performance?
What is diversity?
Everything that distinguishes people from one another.
In practice: focus on gender, age, race / ethnicity, religion, tenure, educational background,
and social / functional background.
- Surface-level diversity = differences among group members in overt, biological
characteristics that are typically reflected in physical features
- Deep-level diversity = more subtle attributes that cannot necessarily be directly and
immediately observed. Such attributes refer to members’ personalities, attitudes,
beliefs, and values.
Diversity and the labor market
History of diversity in the workplace
- Workplace was domain of white males
- Assimilation of others into the environment (as opposed to integration)
- Changes in population
o Changes in working population
o Changes in consumer base / clientele
What has changed?
• More female employees
• More ethnic minorities
• More employees with disabilities
• More explicitly gay and lesbian individuals
• Increasingly international workforce
2
, • Need to maintain older employees
• And other forms of diversification
Examples of diversity on the work floor
1. Gender
- Low participation of women
- Few full-timers among women
- Few women in higher positions
- High gender segregation in sectors
2. Ethnicity
- Dutch population: 17.5 million
- Who is considered to have a migration background? One or two parents born abroad
- western and non-western immigrants
3. Older workers
- participation older workers (women and men) is growing
- average compared to other European countries
- nevertheless, participation still low
- unemployment older workers higher than younger workers
Why organizations work with diversity
1. Moral reasons (= economic power)
- Equal treatment
- Equal opportunity
- Equal outcomes
2. Societal reasons
- Emphasize good outcomes (not necessarily moral)
- Focus on consequences of inequality (practical)
3. Compliance = the action or fact of complying with a wish or command (has to do with the
law)
4. Synergetic reasons
- Relationship employee and organization
3
AND DIVERSITY AT
WORK
,Inhoudsopgave
Week 1 .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
What is diversity? ............................................................................................................................................... 2
Diversity and the labor market ........................................................................................................................... 2
Why organizations work with diversity .............................................................................................................. 3
Week 2 .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Stereotypes ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Solo status .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Token status ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Week 3 .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Self-fulfilling prophecies .................................................................................................................................... 8
Stigmatization ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
Stereotype threat ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Week 4 .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
What is discrimination?.................................................................................................................................... 12
When and how does discrimination occur? ...................................................................................................... 13
How do we do research on discrimination? ..................................................................................................... 15
Week 5 .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Explaining different outcomes for diverse groups ............................................................................................ 16
Contact hypothesis ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Solutions through categorization ..................................................................................................................... 18
Color-blind versus group-conscious approach ................................................................................................ 18
Week 6 .................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Diverse leaders ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Diverse leadership ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Inclusive leadership.......................................................................................................................................... 25
Week 7 .................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Diversity and inclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Needs assessment ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Diversity training ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Conflict intervention ......................................................................................................................................... 29
Coaching .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Evaluation research ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Week 8 .................................................................................................................................................................. 30
1
, Culture & diversity at work
Week 1
Social psychological processes that play a role in the field of work and organizations with
regard to culture and diversity.
Overview of course
Theory and research regarding the impact of diversity on group processes, motivation, and
performance
- Benefits
- Challenges presented by diversity on
o Recruitment and selection
o Evaluation
o Leadership
o Decision making
- Effects of
o Stereotypes and prejudice → hiring and career development?
o Group composition → teamwork?
o Group processes → motivation and performance?
What is diversity?
Everything that distinguishes people from one another.
In practice: focus on gender, age, race / ethnicity, religion, tenure, educational background,
and social / functional background.
- Surface-level diversity = differences among group members in overt, biological
characteristics that are typically reflected in physical features
- Deep-level diversity = more subtle attributes that cannot necessarily be directly and
immediately observed. Such attributes refer to members’ personalities, attitudes,
beliefs, and values.
Diversity and the labor market
History of diversity in the workplace
- Workplace was domain of white males
- Assimilation of others into the environment (as opposed to integration)
- Changes in population
o Changes in working population
o Changes in consumer base / clientele
What has changed?
• More female employees
• More ethnic minorities
• More employees with disabilities
• More explicitly gay and lesbian individuals
• Increasingly international workforce
2
, • Need to maintain older employees
• And other forms of diversification
Examples of diversity on the work floor
1. Gender
- Low participation of women
- Few full-timers among women
- Few women in higher positions
- High gender segregation in sectors
2. Ethnicity
- Dutch population: 17.5 million
- Who is considered to have a migration background? One or two parents born abroad
- western and non-western immigrants
3. Older workers
- participation older workers (women and men) is growing
- average compared to other European countries
- nevertheless, participation still low
- unemployment older workers higher than younger workers
Why organizations work with diversity
1. Moral reasons (= economic power)
- Equal treatment
- Equal opportunity
- Equal outcomes
2. Societal reasons
- Emphasize good outcomes (not necessarily moral)
- Focus on consequences of inequality (practical)
3. Compliance = the action or fact of complying with a wish or command (has to do with the
law)
4. Synergetic reasons
- Relationship employee and organization
3
