NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharm Exam with ready accurate solutions available and graded A+

How do all diuretics work? - ANSBlocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidney, causing water, sodium and chloride to be excreted in the urine from the body, along with potassium. When is the best time to give a diuretic medication? - ANSin the morning, so the patient does not have to get up at night to go pee. What things should we monitor when giving a patient any diuretic? - ANSelectrolyte imbalances and for fluid volume deficit (sodium- seizures and cerebral edema, potassium- can cause EKG changes) What are diuretics normally used to treat? - ANSfluid volume overload, hypertension, heart failure, renal and liver failure, lowers peripheral edema and pulmonary edema What is the mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics? - ANSthey pull water into the renal system from the surrounding tissues, and produces rapid diuresis. What are osmotic diuretics used to treat? - ANSrenal failure, reduce ICP, treat cerebral edema, reduce IOP. What are the side effects of osmotic diuretics? - ANSpulmonary edema,HF, rebound increased ICP, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances What are important drug interactions with osmotic diuretics? - ANSlithium and digoxin - can be toxic What should we use when administering an osmotic diuretic through the IV? - ANSfilter- this medication can crystalize when exposed to lower temperatures. What is the mechanism of action for K sparing diuretics? - ANSbinds to aldosterone receptors to promote Na and water excretion, but will also cause potassium to be retained.