Group Counseling 2023 with verified questions and answers

Gazda's unique emphasis which distinguished among 'three group types' included that they could be viewed as on a continuum These groups may disband abruptly after accomplishing their goals work groups In general __ groups stress "growth through knowledge". psychoeducational ___ began his group work in part for "humane and economic reasons". Joseph Hersey Pratt Kurt Lewin established "field theory" that emphasizes the interaction between individuals and their environment Examples such as the Vietnam War, racial strife and social activism captures the 1960's movement that continues today that groups can promote social change The individual responsible for developing the group style known as "encounter group" was Fritz Perk The term used to describe the detrimental power that groups may exert over their members to conform is groupthink During the 1970s, Yalom and Lieberman discovered that ___ style influences how individuals work in groups leadership The first site for research on "group dynamics" occurred ______ in settings. work The "interaction of group members with one another" is often referred to as ________. content In regards to group content, "good decision making involves interaction with others in the pursuit of a _________________________". purpose "Each element (in productive group dynamics) is affected by whatever happens to any other element" conceptualizes the group as a ________. system A _______________ leader attempts to empower group members and shares power with them in working toward making critical decisions. transformational One would expect a "Theory X leader" to be most closely aligned with a _______________ a leadership style. authoritarian "Executive function" is one of the core mechanisms of group leadership. Which of the following statements best characterizes this role? manage the group as a social system When a group leader is promoting interaction between group members without drawing attention to him/herself, this role is being employed. communication facilitator The actual process of interviewing potential group members either individually or in a group before the group's first meeting is referred to as _________. screening The forming/orientation stage of the group is usually characterized by ______. initial caution Near the end of the initial group counseling session, Amilie shares with the group that she feels, "pretty alone so far. . . that no one really seems to appreciate how difficult these issues are for me." The leader's intervention, "Amilie, it is interesting for me to observe that Paul and Gretchen have expressed very similar feelings tonight." This intervention is an example of ______. linking One of the group members' most prevalent concerns during the storming phase is ______. power In group, Jon and Sam recognize that they have many similar interests and habits although the two are in obvious ways extremely different. This example of ______ helps explain how group members become emotionally attached to one another. identification ______________________is the capacity to bring about certain intended consequences in the behavior of others. Power This part of the storming stage is best defined as any behavior that moves the group away from areas of discomfort, conflict, or potential growth. resistance Brammer and MacDonald assert that "empathizing" means putting oneself in another's place in regard to subjective ___ and ___ while keeping one's objectivity. perception/emotion If group members can identify socially with others and have successfully worked through their struggles together, the result is usually growth in _______. emotional closeness Revealing information about oneself to the group is known as _______ . self-disclosure _________ is sharing relevant information with other people such a how they are perceived, so they can decide whether to change or not. Feedback Which of the following is not a primary activity of group members in closure? confronting incongruencies Young found that all of the following help prevent premature closure in groups except _______. members should be carefully screened The Association for Specialists in Group Work, Best Practice Guidelines suggests that a group leader contact a group member that drops out with each of the following goals except to use pressure to have the member return and stay in group. "Summarizing" is a skill that group members use to reflect and recall significant events or experiences in the group at its end. This process is often called _______. capping Determining what type of group is best for a specific group of children is based on two sets of factors. Variables such as age, gender, and maturity levels are __________factors. developmental factors Group counseling within schools usually takes one of three approaches in dealing with children and problems. These three include all of the following except ______. personality-reconstruction groups Negative feelings and resistance is often encountered by counselors working with adolescents mandated to participate in any group. Corey and Corey suggest each of the following to lessen such feelings except ______. introduce members to rules immediately Groups for elementary and middle school children are activity-focused whereas groups for adolescents are more _____________ oriented. verbally For young adult students in higher education, Vinson advocates that leaders carefully utilize ______ to help group members better understand the complex dynamics affecting their life development. career awareness genograms critical incidents Following their sixteen-week, closed-ended, grief and loss psychotherapy group with adults as reported by Price et al, which of Yalom's therapeutic factors was most identifiable? Altruism What percentage of older adults (those age 65 years or older) maintain their own households? 95% Socializing outside of the group is _______ in groups composed of older members. encouraged Glasser lists four criteria for effective reality therapy group leaders, which one is not? Easily persuaded by members A ________ group, first designed by Carl Rogers, is a place where people can come together in a much closer and direct way than in regular life. basic encounter Victor Frankl taught that people can make their lives meaningful by achieving something, experiencing love, and by ________. suffering During the opening of a Gestalt group, members might he asked to share something that they would NOT normally (nor comfortably) say aloud to others. This exercise is called _______. making the rounds technique is being used when the protagonist plays all the parts of the enactment rather than employing other actors. monodrama Cognitive and behavioral theories of group work include a wide variety of approaches, including all of the following except ______. integration in a social learning format What are the 3 primary contact groups guidance counseling psychotherapy What are the 4 group specializations task/work psychoeducational counseling psychotherapy What does the T in TRAC stand for? tasking What does the R in TRAC stand for? Relating What does the A in TRAC stand for? Acquiring What does the C in TRAC stand for? Contacting Primary affiliation groups Those with which people most identify, such as family or peers secondary affiliation groups Those with which people least identify such as, a city or confederation Hawthorne effect the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied group content information within and purpose of the group group process interactions and relationships among members within the group facilitative role helps members feel a part of the group and contribute a positive energy maintenance roles roles performed by group members to maintain good relations within the group blocking roles Group roles that prevent the group from functioning effectively because they attack other group members or divert the group's attention. role collision conflict between the role and individual plays in the ouside world and the one experienced with the group ex. an active participant Role incompatibility member is given a role within the group that s/he does not want or is comfortable with role confusion does not know what role to perform role transitions expected to assume a different role but does not feel comfortable doing so Instillation of hope By observing the progress of others in the group with similar problems, a group member garners hope that his or her problems can also be resolved. Universality the quality of involving or being shared by all people or things in the world or in a particular group. Imparting of information (Yalom) Education from group therapist/ advice and direct guidance from peers altruism give help/receive help Corrective recapitulation of the primary family group early family conflicts are presented in the group setting Development of socializing techniques through interaction with and feedback from other members of the group, individuals are able to correct maladaptive social behaviors and to learn and develop new social skills Lewin's leadership styles autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire Core mechanisms of group leadership Emotional Stimulation Caring Meaning Attribution Executive Function Tuckman's Model of Group Development forming storming norming performing adjourning forming stage the first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group's purpose, structure, and leadership Tasks of beginning a group Dealing with apprehension: anxiety Reviewing members' goals and contracts: individual and/or group; restate purpose & have members state goal Specifying more clearly or reiterating group rules (summarizing): rationale behind each rule Setting limits Promoting a positive interchange among members so they will want to continue (Weiner, 1984 Storming the second stage of development, characterized by conflict and disagreement, in which team members disagree over what the team should do and how it should do it group norming occurs when people in a group establish rules and procedures as well as get to know the other members 2 main aspects of norming peer relationships identification SYMLOG system for multiple level observation of groups Johari Awareness Model Open quadrant Hidden quadrant blind quadrant unknown quadrant Open Quadrant (known to self and others) part of yourself that you know and have revealed to others hidden quadrant those things that you know about yourself but others do not blind quadrant information that another person knows about you but that you fail to recognize unknown quadrant A representation of qualities that neither you nor others know about yourself. Working Stage Trust is built, and the group becomes more cohesive; participants demonstrate their ability to share responsibility and communicate effectively. PARS model processing: activity, relationship, self teachable moment a time when a person can learn a new task SIPA structure involvement process awareness 3 stages of AGG session 10 minute warm up planned activity follow up discussion problem centered focus on one particular concern crisis centered formed because of an emergency growth centered focus on personal/social development Eric Berne Father of Transactional Analysis, suggested the group is held together by a bond between the leader and the group members. Transactional Analysis Eric Berne believes that people operate in three ego states and that awareness is an important first step in changing our ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Three basic needs are stimulus, recognition, and structure. Transactional Analysis: child (2 parts) adapted child free child Transactional Analysis: ego states Parent Adult Child Reality Therapy a method of analysis developed by Glasser to help clients focus on the present rather than past experiences WDEP wants, doing, evaluation, planning Alderian Therapy inherent social interest emphasizes social development, cooperation and education behavior is purposeful person-centered therapy a nondirective insight therapy based on the work of Carl Rogers in which the client does all the talking and the therapist listens communication of empathy, genuineness, and acceptance Existential groups emphasize individual human experience Focus on human existence, thoughts, and anxieties it is more subjective and the therapist helps members understand the meaning of existence and helps members live a more authentic life. Legal Standards minimum behavior society will tolerate ethical standards guides to moral behavior minimum behavior other counselors will tolerate Ethics the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions Ethic Values autonomy beneficence justice fidelity veracity Principal Ethics based on obligations Virtue Ethics "who shall I be" decision model ABCDE assessment benefit consequences duty education autonomy promotion of self-determination Beneficence doing good Nonmaleficence do no harm justice fairness; rightfulness; equal treatment of all people fidelity loyalty veracity truthfulness