Chapter 21: Populations Affected by Disabilities
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an accurate definition of impairment?
a.
A disadvantage resulting from a disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected
role
b.
A restriction or inability to perform an activity in a normal manner
c.
An anatomical, mental, or psychological loss or abnormality
d.
A defect that affects society on a macro level
ANS: C
A disability, resulting from an impairment, involves a restriction or inability to perform an
activity in a normal manner or within the normal range. An anatomical, mental, or
psychological loss or abnormality is an impairment. A handicap is a disadvantage resulting
from an impairment or disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected role. In a comparison
of these concepts, an impairment affects a human organ on a micro level; disability affects a
person on an individual level; and a handicap involves society on a macro level of analysis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 405
2. Which of the following problems depends on the responses of other people and therefore
cannot be measured?
a.
Disability
b.
Handicap
c.
Impairment
d.
Injury
ANS: B
In comparing these concepts, an impairment affects a human organ on a micro level;
disability affects a person on an individual level; and a handicap involves society on a macro
level of analysis. Table 21-1 points out that both impairment and disability may be objective
and measurable, whereas handicap is neither, because it is an experience related to the
responses of other people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 406
3. Which of the following best describes the problem with the viewing disability based on the
Nagi model?
a.
Functional limitations are used to determine if an individual is disabled.
b.
Functional limitations are not easily objectified and measured.
c.
The model does not distinguish between genetic limitations and
limitations imposed by injury or illness.
d.
Persons are or are not limited according to choices they make.
ANS: A
The Nagi model uses functional limitations, which have been defined and are measureable, to
, determine whether an individual is disabled. However, the current paradigm considers the
environmental barriers and the perspectives of the onlooker when considering if an individual
is disabled. Thus, the other options do not address the limitation of using only functional
limitations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: pp. 405-406
4. Which of the following insights is being stressed by advocacy groups regarding persons with
disabilities today?
a.
Disability results when physical and social barriers in the environment prevent
a person from taking equal part in community life.
b.
Handicapped persons have as much right to social support as nonhandicapped
persons.
c.
It is recognized that an individual may be limited by an environmental barrier in
society.
d.
Impairment is a result of society’s reaction more than mental or physical condition.
ANS: A
Nearly all definitions identify an individual as disabled on the basis of a physical or mental
impairment that limits the person's ability to perform an important activity. The
complementary possibility—that the individual is limited by a barrier in society or the
environment—is never considered. Advocacy groups are stressing that environment and the
reactions of others are as crucial as the actual physical or mental limitation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 406
5. Which of the following concerns can a nurse as a citizen help address?
a.
Advocating for removal of environmental and social barriers to needed services
b.
Continuing to engage in political action to increase funding for care for
the handicapped
c.
Recognizing that it is better to offer to help than to wait for a person with handicaps
to have to ask for assistance
d.
Needing to not stare or ask personal questions of a person with a disability
ANS: A
In the National Agenda for the Prevention of Disabilities model, disability occurs when a
person’s physical or mental limitations, in interaction with physical and social barriers in the
environment, prevent the person from taking equal part in the normal life of the community.
Confronting environmental and social barriers to needed services can frustrate and exhaust
many people with disabilities and their families. The nurse—as a citizen and a concerned
professional—can advocate for removal of such barriers. This issue is the most important for
the nurse to address, allowing the nurse to partner with clients and families affected by
disabilities to remedy barriers that negatively affect quality of life for this population.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 407
,6. When a person was brought into the clinic in a wheelchair, the new nurse asked the patient
if he felt a need for a priest. Which of the following best explains why the nurse would ask
about spiritual health during the intake assessment?
a.
All patients have spiritual as well as physical needs.
b.
Medical personnel have to collaborate with religious leaders.
c.
People reach out for spiritual care when they have suddenly become ill.
d.
Some people perceive disabilities as punishment for sin.
ANS: D
There are four models for viewing disability including: (1) the medical model, (2) the
rehabilitation model, (3) the socially constructed disability model, and (4) the moral model,
which connects disability with sin and shame. The nurse apparently perceived disability as a
result of sin not yet repented.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 407
7. A young man rolled his wheelchair up the ramp into the clinic to the desk where the intake
nurse greeted him. After welcoming him to the clinic, which of the following should be
the initial question asked by the nurse?
a.
“Are you a vet home from the war?”
b.
“Can I help you into the treatment room to see the nurse practitioner?”
c.
“Do you have any family with you to help today?”
d.
“What brings you to the clinic today?”
ANS: D
The client should be asked what is needed just as any other client would be. A veteran would
more probably be at a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic, and there is nothing in the statement to
imply that the clinic is part of the VA medical system. Because the man made it into the clinic,
it is doubtful he would need help into the treatment room. Not all persons live with families.
The handicap may be unrelated to why he is at the clinic. He may be ill or merely need
immunization or other health promotion activity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 408
8. A young woman rolled her wheelchair up the ramp into the clinic to the desk where the intake
nurse greeted her. Which of the following should be the nurse’s first response?
a.
“How can I help you?”
b.
“Who came with you today?”
c.
Compliment her on her skill with the wheelchair
d.
Sit so the nurse is on eye level with the young woman
ANS: D
Nurses who demonstrate understanding of the issues confronting people with disabilities
should approach them on an eye-to-eye level, listening to understand. Moving to eye level
should be the first action that the nurse takes before beginning a conversation with the client.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 408
9. Which of the following best describes the proportion of the U.S. population that is made up of
persons with a long-lasting condition or disability?
, a.
The number is about 5% and increasing.
b.
The number is about 10% and stable.
c.
The proportion is about 15% and stable.
d.
The proportion is almost 20% and increasing.
ANS: D
In 2010, approximately 56.7 million (18.7%) of the 303.9 million civilian noninstitutionalized
population aged 5 years and older had a long-lasting condition or disability. Further, it is
important for health care policy makers and health care providers to recognize that the
prevalence of disability is increasing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 410
10. Which of the following best describes how many households with at least one child with a
disabling condition would a school nurse working in an elementary school expect to see?
a.
About 5%
b.
About 10%
c.
About 15%
d.
About 20%
ANS: C
About 15.1% of households with children have at least one child with a special health care
need (disabling condition).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 411
11. The mother confided in the nurse, “I don’t think my child is improving.” Which of
the following statements would be the best response by the nurse?
a.
“My assessment shows your child is improving.”
b.
“The children seem to be playing with and accepting your child.”
c.
“The teacher reported to me that your child is doing much better.”
d.
“What is causing your concern?”
ANS: D
Nurses should pay attention, particularly when parents intuitively whisper, “Something is not
right.” A well-meaning health care provider may attempt to reassure a concerned mother.
However, this kind of response may create silence and delay further questions by the parent.
Rather than decrease parental concern, it may increase anxiety. The nurse can serve as an
intermediary, working among the family and the health care team, to address parental
concerns and client goals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 412
12. Which of the following describes the most important need of every school-aged child with a
disability?
a.
A teacher who understands the child’s needs
b.
An advocate within the school system
c.
An assessment with comparison with developmental milestones
d.
An individualized education plan (IEP)
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is an accurate definition of impairment?
a.
A disadvantage resulting from a disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected
role
b.
A restriction or inability to perform an activity in a normal manner
c.
An anatomical, mental, or psychological loss or abnormality
d.
A defect that affects society on a macro level
ANS: C
A disability, resulting from an impairment, involves a restriction or inability to perform an
activity in a normal manner or within the normal range. An anatomical, mental, or
psychological loss or abnormality is an impairment. A handicap is a disadvantage resulting
from an impairment or disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected role. In a comparison
of these concepts, an impairment affects a human organ on a micro level; disability affects a
person on an individual level; and a handicap involves society on a macro level of analysis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 405
2. Which of the following problems depends on the responses of other people and therefore
cannot be measured?
a.
Disability
b.
Handicap
c.
Impairment
d.
Injury
ANS: B
In comparing these concepts, an impairment affects a human organ on a micro level;
disability affects a person on an individual level; and a handicap involves society on a macro
level of analysis. Table 21-1 points out that both impairment and disability may be objective
and measurable, whereas handicap is neither, because it is an experience related to the
responses of other people.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 406
3. Which of the following best describes the problem with the viewing disability based on the
Nagi model?
a.
Functional limitations are used to determine if an individual is disabled.
b.
Functional limitations are not easily objectified and measured.
c.
The model does not distinguish between genetic limitations and
limitations imposed by injury or illness.
d.
Persons are or are not limited according to choices they make.
ANS: A
The Nagi model uses functional limitations, which have been defined and are measureable, to
, determine whether an individual is disabled. However, the current paradigm considers the
environmental barriers and the perspectives of the onlooker when considering if an individual
is disabled. Thus, the other options do not address the limitation of using only functional
limitations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: pp. 405-406
4. Which of the following insights is being stressed by advocacy groups regarding persons with
disabilities today?
a.
Disability results when physical and social barriers in the environment prevent
a person from taking equal part in community life.
b.
Handicapped persons have as much right to social support as nonhandicapped
persons.
c.
It is recognized that an individual may be limited by an environmental barrier in
society.
d.
Impairment is a result of society’s reaction more than mental or physical condition.
ANS: A
Nearly all definitions identify an individual as disabled on the basis of a physical or mental
impairment that limits the person's ability to perform an important activity. The
complementary possibility—that the individual is limited by a barrier in society or the
environment—is never considered. Advocacy groups are stressing that environment and the
reactions of others are as crucial as the actual physical or mental limitation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 406
5. Which of the following concerns can a nurse as a citizen help address?
a.
Advocating for removal of environmental and social barriers to needed services
b.
Continuing to engage in political action to increase funding for care for
the handicapped
c.
Recognizing that it is better to offer to help than to wait for a person with handicaps
to have to ask for assistance
d.
Needing to not stare or ask personal questions of a person with a disability
ANS: A
In the National Agenda for the Prevention of Disabilities model, disability occurs when a
person’s physical or mental limitations, in interaction with physical and social barriers in the
environment, prevent the person from taking equal part in the normal life of the community.
Confronting environmental and social barriers to needed services can frustrate and exhaust
many people with disabilities and their families. The nurse—as a citizen and a concerned
professional—can advocate for removal of such barriers. This issue is the most important for
the nurse to address, allowing the nurse to partner with clients and families affected by
disabilities to remedy barriers that negatively affect quality of life for this population.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 407
,6. When a person was brought into the clinic in a wheelchair, the new nurse asked the patient
if he felt a need for a priest. Which of the following best explains why the nurse would ask
about spiritual health during the intake assessment?
a.
All patients have spiritual as well as physical needs.
b.
Medical personnel have to collaborate with religious leaders.
c.
People reach out for spiritual care when they have suddenly become ill.
d.
Some people perceive disabilities as punishment for sin.
ANS: D
There are four models for viewing disability including: (1) the medical model, (2) the
rehabilitation model, (3) the socially constructed disability model, and (4) the moral model,
which connects disability with sin and shame. The nurse apparently perceived disability as a
result of sin not yet repented.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 407
7. A young man rolled his wheelchair up the ramp into the clinic to the desk where the intake
nurse greeted him. After welcoming him to the clinic, which of the following should be
the initial question asked by the nurse?
a.
“Are you a vet home from the war?”
b.
“Can I help you into the treatment room to see the nurse practitioner?”
c.
“Do you have any family with you to help today?”
d.
“What brings you to the clinic today?”
ANS: D
The client should be asked what is needed just as any other client would be. A veteran would
more probably be at a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic, and there is nothing in the statement to
imply that the clinic is part of the VA medical system. Because the man made it into the clinic,
it is doubtful he would need help into the treatment room. Not all persons live with families.
The handicap may be unrelated to why he is at the clinic. He may be ill or merely need
immunization or other health promotion activity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 408
8. A young woman rolled her wheelchair up the ramp into the clinic to the desk where the intake
nurse greeted her. Which of the following should be the nurse’s first response?
a.
“How can I help you?”
b.
“Who came with you today?”
c.
Compliment her on her skill with the wheelchair
d.
Sit so the nurse is on eye level with the young woman
ANS: D
Nurses who demonstrate understanding of the issues confronting people with disabilities
should approach them on an eye-to-eye level, listening to understand. Moving to eye level
should be the first action that the nurse takes before beginning a conversation with the client.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 408
9. Which of the following best describes the proportion of the U.S. population that is made up of
persons with a long-lasting condition or disability?
, a.
The number is about 5% and increasing.
b.
The number is about 10% and stable.
c.
The proportion is about 15% and stable.
d.
The proportion is almost 20% and increasing.
ANS: D
In 2010, approximately 56.7 million (18.7%) of the 303.9 million civilian noninstitutionalized
population aged 5 years and older had a long-lasting condition or disability. Further, it is
important for health care policy makers and health care providers to recognize that the
prevalence of disability is increasing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 410
10. Which of the following best describes how many households with at least one child with a
disabling condition would a school nurse working in an elementary school expect to see?
a.
About 5%
b.
About 10%
c.
About 15%
d.
About 20%
ANS: C
About 15.1% of households with children have at least one child with a special health care
need (disabling condition).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: p. 411
11. The mother confided in the nurse, “I don’t think my child is improving.” Which of
the following statements would be the best response by the nurse?
a.
“My assessment shows your child is improving.”
b.
“The children seem to be playing with and accepting your child.”
c.
“The teacher reported to me that your child is doing much better.”
d.
“What is causing your concern?”
ANS: D
Nurses should pay attention, particularly when parents intuitively whisper, “Something is not
right.” A well-meaning health care provider may attempt to reassure a concerned mother.
However, this kind of response may create silence and delay further questions by the parent.
Rather than decrease parental concern, it may increase anxiety. The nurse can serve as an
intermediary, working among the family and the health care team, to address parental
concerns and client goals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 412
12. Which of the following describes the most important need of every school-aged child with a
disability?
a.
A teacher who understands the child’s needs
b.
An advocate within the school system
c.
An assessment with comparison with developmental milestones
d.
An individualized education plan (IEP)
