HESI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
2023
homeostasis(Correct Answers) body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors(Correct Answers) molecule or cell that provides information about the
environment
control center (and set point)(Correct Answers) indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
effectors(Correct Answers) What elicits a response that alters conditions within the
body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
negative feedback(Correct Answers) When receptors measure deviations from the set
point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point and
effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and balance is
called .........
positive feedback(Correct Answers) Homeostatic mechanisms that function when
changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing more
changes, is called...... (examples are blood clotting and labor contractions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism(Correct Answers) Levels of
organization
organelle(Correct Answers) Cell components that perform a specific function
cells(Correct Answers) Basic unit of structure and function
tissues(Correct Answers) Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have
specific functions
organs(Correct Answers) Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of
tissues)
Organ systems(Correct Answers) Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism(Correct Answers) Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior(Correct Answers) above, or closer to the heada
,inferior(Correct Answers) below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral)(Correct Answers) Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal)(Correct Answers) Toward the back
medial(Correct Answers) Toward the midline
lateral(Correct Answers) Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane(Correct Answers) Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
right and left portions
Coronal/Frontal plane(Correct Answers) Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (cross-sectional)(Correct Answers) Imaginary horizontal line dividing the
body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back)(Correct Answers) Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral)(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic
(peritoneal)(Correct Answers) Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)
orbits(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles
and nerves
Nasal cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the
nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum(Correct Answers) Space between the lungs that contains the heart,
esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Pericardial cavity(Correct Answers) Potential space between the visceral pericardium
and the parietal pericardium
, middle ear cavities(Correct Answers) Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
Pleural cavities (lungs)(Correct Answers) Cavities (right and left) that are the potential
space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the
floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large
intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Peritoneal cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that is the potential space between the
parietal and visceral peritoneal membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral is the
inside layer, covering the lung)(Correct Answers) Body cavity membrane: which is a
serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral is the
inside layer, covering the heart)(Correct Answers) Body cavity membrane: which serous
membrane lines the heart?
Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the outside layer which lines the cavity, visceral is the
inside layer, lining the organs)(Correct Answers) Body cavity membrane: Which serous
membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissue(Correct Answers) Four major tissue
types
epithelial(Correct Answers) Which type of tissue is found throughout the body and
covers the body, lines organs, found in the inner lining of body cavities and hollow
organs?
epithelial(Correct Answers) Which type of tissue always has an apical (free) surface
exposed to an open space (inside or outside)?
basement membrane(Correct Answers) What nonliving membrane anchors epithelium
to underlying connective tissue?
true(Correct Answers) T/F Epithelial cells lack blood vessels, so they are supplied by
underlying connective tissues
protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion(Correct Answers) Functions of epithelial
tissue
simple squamos(Correct Answers) Which type of epithelial tissue is a single layer of
thin, flattened cells that is thin and delicate, easily damaged?
2023
homeostasis(Correct Answers) body's maintenance of a stable environment
receptors(Correct Answers) molecule or cell that provides information about the
environment
control center (and set point)(Correct Answers) indicates correct value (e.g. body temp)
effectors(Correct Answers) What elicits a response that alters conditions within the
body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands)
negative feedback(Correct Answers) When receptors measure deviations from the set
point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point and
effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and balance is
called .........
positive feedback(Correct Answers) Homeostatic mechanisms that function when
changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing more
changes, is called...... (examples are blood clotting and labor contractions)
organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism(Correct Answers) Levels of
organization
organelle(Correct Answers) Cell components that perform a specific function
cells(Correct Answers) Basic unit of structure and function
tissues(Correct Answers) Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have
specific functions
organs(Correct Answers) Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of
tissues)
Organ systems(Correct Answers) Groups of organs that function together closely
Organism(Correct Answers) Comprised of an interacting organ system
superior(Correct Answers) above, or closer to the heada
,inferior(Correct Answers) below, or closer to the feet
Anterior (Ventral)(Correct Answers) Toward the front
Posterior (Dorsal)(Correct Answers) Toward the back
medial(Correct Answers) Toward the midline
lateral(Correct Answers) Away from the midline (closer to the sides)
Median (saggital) plane(Correct Answers) Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
right and left portions
Coronal/Frontal plane(Correct Answers) Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into
anterior and posterior portions
Transverse (cross-sectional)(Correct Answers) Imaginary horizontal line dividing the
body into superior and inferior
Dorsal cavities (near the back)(Correct Answers) Cranial and spinal cavity
Cranial cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the brain
Spinal cavity (vertebral)(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the spinal cord and
vertebrae
orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic
(peritoneal)(Correct Answers) Ventral cavities (near the front of the body)
orbits(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles
and nerves
Nasal cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the
nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses
Oral cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue
thoracic cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity)
Mediastinum(Correct Answers) Space between the lungs that contains the heart,
esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Pericardial cavity(Correct Answers) Potential space between the visceral pericardium
and the parietal pericardium
, middle ear cavities(Correct Answers) Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes
Pleural cavities (lungs)(Correct Answers) Cavities (right and left) that are the potential
space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
Abdominopelvic cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the
floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large
intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Peritoneal cavity(Correct Answers) Cavity that is the potential space between the
parietal and visceral peritoneal membranes
Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral is the
inside layer, covering the lung)(Correct Answers) Body cavity membrane: which is a
serous membrane that lines the lungs
Pericardial (parietal is the outside layer which lines the mediastinum, visceral is the
inside layer, covering the heart)(Correct Answers) Body cavity membrane: which serous
membrane lines the heart?
Peritoneal membranes (parietal is the outside layer which lines the cavity, visceral is the
inside layer, lining the organs)(Correct Answers) Body cavity membrane: Which serous
membrane lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissue(Correct Answers) Four major tissue
types
epithelial(Correct Answers) Which type of tissue is found throughout the body and
covers the body, lines organs, found in the inner lining of body cavities and hollow
organs?
epithelial(Correct Answers) Which type of tissue always has an apical (free) surface
exposed to an open space (inside or outside)?
basement membrane(Correct Answers) What nonliving membrane anchors epithelium
to underlying connective tissue?
true(Correct Answers) T/F Epithelial cells lack blood vessels, so they are supplied by
underlying connective tissues
protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion(Correct Answers) Functions of epithelial
tissue
simple squamos(Correct Answers) Which type of epithelial tissue is a single layer of
thin, flattened cells that is thin and delicate, easily damaged?
