8-Hour Refresher HAZWOPER Exam Guide 2023 with
complete solution
DOT Class 1
Explosive
DOT Class 2
Compressed Gases ( cylinders )
DOT Class 3
Flammable liquids (FP < 140 degrees F)
DOT Class 4
Flammable Solids
DOT Class 5
Oxidizers
DOT Class 6
Poison Solids & liquids
DOT Class 7
Radioactive
DOT Class 8
Corrosives
DOT Class 9
Miscellaneous
Manufacturers Label Contains:
Product name, Chemical names, Hazards, Precautions, Storage Info, etc.
DOT Hazard Class Labels Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)
RED, BLUE, ORANGE, WHITE
HMIS Red
Flammability Rating
HMIS Blue
Health Hazard Rating
HMIS Orange
Physical Hazard Rating
HMIS White
Special Hazard Rating
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Labels
RED, BLUE, YELLOW, WHITE
NFPA Red
Flammability rating
NFPA Blue
Health Hazard Rating
NFPA Yellow
Instability Hazard Rating
NFPA White
Special Hazard Rating
Placards Identify:
,The hazard class of the material and in some cases identify the DOT identification
number or UN Number
What weight of hazardous materials requires the vehicle to display placards on all
four sides?
1000+Lbs
Other factors, which may indicate hazardous substances
Locations, Colors, Container type or shape
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Information on a products hazardous ingredients, physical properties, fire and explosion
data, reactivity, health hazard data, precautions and use. Required to be on hand for
every chemical used or stored on site.
Shipping Papers or Manifests
Reffered to as bill of landing, are required for most hazardous material shipments. Gives
information about what it is and the hazards involved.
Toxicology Exposure Routes
Inhalation, Skin Absorption, Ingestion, Injection
Inhalation
Contaminates into the lungs
Most critical route of entry
Direct route to the blood stream
Safe Guards: Respiratory Protection
Absorption
Upon Contact with the skin
Safe Guards: Chemical Protective Clothing
Ingestion
Exposure to contaminate through eating or drinking
Safe guards: Good Hygiene Practices. Dont eat / drink in work zones. Wash Hands and
face before eating, drinking, smoking, etc.
Injection
Direct penetration of contaminate by puncture
Safe guards: Work safely
Categories of Exposure
Acute / Chronic
Acute
Short-term exposure to high concentration of contaminants
Results of exposure are immediate, within 72 hrs
Examples: Illness, irritation, burns, sore throat, dizziness, headache, or death.
Chronic
Exposure to lower concentration of contaminates over longer period of time
Symptoms: occur years after exposure
Examples: cancer, kidney damage, lung damage.
Exposure Effects
Local / Systematic
Local Effects:
damage resulting where the chemical enters the body
Systematic effects:
, damage, which seeks a specific organ and causes damage at that point
Mutagen:
a substance capable of inducing mutations in the DNA and in living cells
Teratogen:
causes growth abnormalities in embryos
Carcinogen:
Causes the development of cancerous growth in living tissue
Dose relationship
Lethal Dose (LD50), Lethal Concentration (LC50), Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL),
Threshold Limit Value (TLV), Recommended Exposure Limit (REL), Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)
Lethal Dose (LD50)
The concentration of a substances that is expected to cause death of 50% of the test
population when exposed to that substances by any route other than inhalation. Oral or
dermal exposure
Lethal Concentration (LC50)
The concentration of a substance that is expected to cause death of 50% of the test
population when exposed to that substance by inhalation
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Maximum concentration of a substance that worker can be exposed to over an 8 hour
workday, 40 hour week. a list may be found in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000
Threshold limit value (TLV: TWA)
Maximum Concentration of a substance that worker can be exposed to over a 8hr work
day, 40 hr week (Acetone: 500ppm)
Threshold limit value (TLV: STEL)
Maximum concentration of a substance that a workers can be exposed over periods of
time not to exceed 15 min, 4 times per day. (Acetone: 750ppm)
Threshold limit value (TLV: C)
A concentration for which no minimum exposure period can be tolerated, even for an
instant
Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
Maximum concentration of a substance that workers can be exposed to over a 10 hour
workday, 40hr week
(Acetone: 250ppm)
(NIOSH)
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
Atmosphereic conditions that pose an immediate threat to life, could cause irreversible
adverse health effects, or could impair a worker's ability to escape.
(Acetone: 2500ppm)
Fundamentals of Reducing Exposure
1. Elimination / Substitution
2. Engineering Controls
3. Administration
4. PPE
Elements of Fire Tetrahedron
complete solution
DOT Class 1
Explosive
DOT Class 2
Compressed Gases ( cylinders )
DOT Class 3
Flammable liquids (FP < 140 degrees F)
DOT Class 4
Flammable Solids
DOT Class 5
Oxidizers
DOT Class 6
Poison Solids & liquids
DOT Class 7
Radioactive
DOT Class 8
Corrosives
DOT Class 9
Miscellaneous
Manufacturers Label Contains:
Product name, Chemical names, Hazards, Precautions, Storage Info, etc.
DOT Hazard Class Labels Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)
RED, BLUE, ORANGE, WHITE
HMIS Red
Flammability Rating
HMIS Blue
Health Hazard Rating
HMIS Orange
Physical Hazard Rating
HMIS White
Special Hazard Rating
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Labels
RED, BLUE, YELLOW, WHITE
NFPA Red
Flammability rating
NFPA Blue
Health Hazard Rating
NFPA Yellow
Instability Hazard Rating
NFPA White
Special Hazard Rating
Placards Identify:
,The hazard class of the material and in some cases identify the DOT identification
number or UN Number
What weight of hazardous materials requires the vehicle to display placards on all
four sides?
1000+Lbs
Other factors, which may indicate hazardous substances
Locations, Colors, Container type or shape
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Information on a products hazardous ingredients, physical properties, fire and explosion
data, reactivity, health hazard data, precautions and use. Required to be on hand for
every chemical used or stored on site.
Shipping Papers or Manifests
Reffered to as bill of landing, are required for most hazardous material shipments. Gives
information about what it is and the hazards involved.
Toxicology Exposure Routes
Inhalation, Skin Absorption, Ingestion, Injection
Inhalation
Contaminates into the lungs
Most critical route of entry
Direct route to the blood stream
Safe Guards: Respiratory Protection
Absorption
Upon Contact with the skin
Safe Guards: Chemical Protective Clothing
Ingestion
Exposure to contaminate through eating or drinking
Safe guards: Good Hygiene Practices. Dont eat / drink in work zones. Wash Hands and
face before eating, drinking, smoking, etc.
Injection
Direct penetration of contaminate by puncture
Safe guards: Work safely
Categories of Exposure
Acute / Chronic
Acute
Short-term exposure to high concentration of contaminants
Results of exposure are immediate, within 72 hrs
Examples: Illness, irritation, burns, sore throat, dizziness, headache, or death.
Chronic
Exposure to lower concentration of contaminates over longer period of time
Symptoms: occur years after exposure
Examples: cancer, kidney damage, lung damage.
Exposure Effects
Local / Systematic
Local Effects:
damage resulting where the chemical enters the body
Systematic effects:
, damage, which seeks a specific organ and causes damage at that point
Mutagen:
a substance capable of inducing mutations in the DNA and in living cells
Teratogen:
causes growth abnormalities in embryos
Carcinogen:
Causes the development of cancerous growth in living tissue
Dose relationship
Lethal Dose (LD50), Lethal Concentration (LC50), Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL),
Threshold Limit Value (TLV), Recommended Exposure Limit (REL), Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)
Lethal Dose (LD50)
The concentration of a substances that is expected to cause death of 50% of the test
population when exposed to that substances by any route other than inhalation. Oral or
dermal exposure
Lethal Concentration (LC50)
The concentration of a substance that is expected to cause death of 50% of the test
population when exposed to that substance by inhalation
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Maximum concentration of a substance that worker can be exposed to over an 8 hour
workday, 40 hour week. a list may be found in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000
Threshold limit value (TLV: TWA)
Maximum Concentration of a substance that worker can be exposed to over a 8hr work
day, 40 hr week (Acetone: 500ppm)
Threshold limit value (TLV: STEL)
Maximum concentration of a substance that a workers can be exposed over periods of
time not to exceed 15 min, 4 times per day. (Acetone: 750ppm)
Threshold limit value (TLV: C)
A concentration for which no minimum exposure period can be tolerated, even for an
instant
Recommended Exposure Limit (REL)
Maximum concentration of a substance that workers can be exposed to over a 10 hour
workday, 40hr week
(Acetone: 250ppm)
(NIOSH)
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
Atmosphereic conditions that pose an immediate threat to life, could cause irreversible
adverse health effects, or could impair a worker's ability to escape.
(Acetone: 2500ppm)
Fundamentals of Reducing Exposure
1. Elimination / Substitution
2. Engineering Controls
3. Administration
4. PPE
Elements of Fire Tetrahedron
