Prenatal Terminology 2023 with complete solution questions and answers

perinatal mortality (in Statistics) The statistical rate of fetal and infant death, usually expressed as the number of deaths in a given period per 1000 live births perinatal morbidity (in Statistics) The statistical rate of fetal and infant illness prematurity a birth that takes places before 37 weeks of gestation. Antepartal the period prior to childbirth Prenatal Occurring or existing before birth Gestation The period of development of the young from the time of conception until birth Trimester The nine months of pregnancy is traditionally divided into three trimesters: distinct periods of roughly three months in which different phases of fetal development take place Chadwick's sign A sign of pregnancy that develops after the sixth week and consists of a dark bluish or purplish-red color of the vaginal or cervical mucosa as a result of increased blood supply to the area. Quickening the first feeling by a pregnant woman of movement of her baby in utero, usually occurring between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. Ballottement The use of a finger to push sharply against the uterus and detect the presence or position of a fetus by its return impact. linea nigra a dark vertical line that appears on the abdomen during pregnancy. It is a type of hyperpigmentation resulting increased estrogen. Chloasma a tan or dark facial skin discoloration. Although it can affect anyone, it is particularly common in women, especially pregnant women and those who are taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Striae "stretch marks", scarring caused by tearing of the dermis during rapid stretching of the skin. Hegar's sign indication of pregnancy, the compressibility and softening of the cervix isthmus and the cervix appearing bluish and engorged. Goodell's sign an indication of pregnancy. It is a softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix. Braxton Hick's contractions Short, fairly painless uterine contractions during pregnancy that may be mistaken for labor pains. They allow the uterus to grow and help circulate blood through the uterine blood vessels. graafian follicle mature ovarian follicle in which the oocyte attains its full size and the surrounding follicular cells are permeated by one or more fluid-filled cavities corpus luteum A small, yellow structure that forms in the ovary after an egg has been released. Menstruation the cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and muscosal tissues from the nonpregnant uterus; it is under hormonal control and normally recurs usually at approximately four-week intervals, except during pregnancy and lactation, throughout the reproductive period (puberty through menopause) Blastocyst A cluster of cells representing multiple cell divisions that have occurred in the fallopian tube after successful fertilization of an ovum by a sperm. This is the developmental form which must leave the fallopian tube, enter the uterus, and implant itself in the uterus to achieve actual pregnancy, approximately 8 to 13 days after fertilization. Progesterone A steroid hormone secreted by the corpus luteum and by the placenta, that acts to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum, to maintain pregnancy, and to promote development of the mammary glands Kegel consists of contracting and relaxing the muscles which form part of the pelvic floor Amenorrhea the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age Etiology the study of causation, or origination Ptyalism "drooling" when saliva flows outside the mouth. Drooling is generally caused by excess production of saliva, inability to retain saliva within the mouth, or problems with swallowing. Hypertrophy the increase of the size of an organ or in a select area of the tissue. uterine soufflé A blowing sound heard on auscultation over the pregnant uterus Fetoscope A type of stethoscope designed for listening to the fetal heartbeat Palpate To examine or explore by touching (an organ or area of the body), usually as a diagnostic aid ectopic pregnancy Implantation and subsequent development of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus, as in a fallopian tube. Assay Determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture, or of the potency of a drug hydatidiform mole Relatively rare condition in which tissue around a fertilized egg that normally would have developed into the placenta instead develops as an abnormal cluster of cells. (This is also called a molar pregnancy.) This grapelike mass forms inside of the uterus after fertilization instead of a normal embryo. A hydatidiform mole triggers a positive pregnancy test and in some cases can become cancerous. Immunologic tests which look at antibody response to antisera Proteinuria The presence of excessive amounts of protein in the urine. Gravida the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in Para the number of liveborn children a woman has delivered Primigravida a woman who is pregnant for the first time. Primipara A woman who has given birth to only one child Multigravida A woman who has had two or more previous pregnancies. Viability capable of normal growth and development outside the uterus Naegele's rule rule for calculating an expected delivery date; subtract three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add seven days to that date Fundus The portion of a hollow organ opposite or farthest from its opening. fundal height a measure of the size of the uterus used to assess fetal growth. Measured from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus in centimeters. It should match gestational age in weeks within 1 to 3 cm, e.g., a pregnant woman's uterus at 22 weeks should measure 19 to 25 cm. malpresentation Abnormal position of the child at birth, making normal delivery difficult or impossible. Intrauterine Being or occurring within the uterus. Speculum A tubular instrument for inserting into a passage or cavity of the body to facilitate visual inspection or medication Dysuria Painful urination Varicosities An enlarged and tortuous vein, artery, or lymphatic vessel Edema An abnormal accumulation of fluid beneath the skin or in one or more cavities of the body infectious diseases disease that can be passed from one person to another CVA tenderness Pain felt when gently tapping the area of the back overlying the kidney. Sign of inflammation, infection of the kidney Homan's sign Sharp pain the the calf when the foot is dorsiflexed. It is a sign of DVT. Pelvimetry Measurement of dimensions and proportions of the pelvis to determine its capacity and ability to allow the passage of the fetus through the birth canal. Not always highly accurate Engagement The entrance of the fetal head or presenting part into the upper opening of the maternal pelvis. Void To excrete body wastes. Or Containing no matter; empty RhoGam Trademark for an immune globulin, which is a sterile plasma-based preparation rich in anti-Rh antibodies used to prevent production of Rho(D) antibodies in Rh-negative mothers who may have an Rh-positive infant Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine. Glycosuria The presence of glucose in the urine Labile Unstable; characterized by a tendency to change or be altered or modified Libido Sexual desire Zygote The cell that is formed by the union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum before cleavage Congenital Existing at or before birth; a condition that developed while the fetus was in utero or as a consequence of the birth process. Embryo The developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week fetus/fetal The developing organism from nine weeks after fertilization until birth/Of or pertaining to a fetus or to the period of its development teratogen An agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that can cause malformations or functional damage to an embryo or a fetus urogenital Pertaining to the urinary and the reproductive systems mesoderm The middle of the three cell layers of the developing embryo. Bone, connective tissue, muscle, blood, vascular and lymphatic tissue, and the pleurae of the pericardium and peritoneum are all derived from the mesoderm. Endoderm The innermost of the three primary germ layers of an embryo, developing into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs, and associated structures Ectoderm The outermost of the three primary germ layers of an embryo, from which the epidermis, nervous tissue, and sense organs develop Deciduas The endometrium of the pregnant uterus, all of which, except the deepest layer, is shed at parturition Intervillous Between or among villi Amniocentesis A procedure used to diagnose fetal defects in the early second trimester of pregnancy. A sample of the amniotic fluid, which surrounds a fetus in the womb, is collected through a pregnant woman's abdomen using a needle and syringe. Isoimmunization The development of specific antibodies as a result of antigenic stimulation using material derived from the red blood cells of another individual of the same species Opaque Impenetrable by light; neither transparent nor translucent. Turbidity The cloudiness or lack of transparency of a solution. L/S ratio The ratio of lecithin-phosphatidyl choline to sphingomyelin, used to determine infant lung maturity and predict the infant's ability to survive without developing respiratory distress Leukorrhea A whitish, viscid discharge from the vagina and uterine cavity dependent edema Edema in lower or dependent parts of the body dyspareunia Difficult or painful sexual intercourse. Nocturia Urination at night, especially if excessive Pica The persistent craving and compulsive eating of nonfood substances Syncope A faint; temporary loss of consciousness due to generalized cerebral ischemia. hyperemesis gravidarum Excessive vomiting during pregnancy. Cytomegalovirus A common human virus causing mild or no symptoms in healthy people, but permanent damage or death to an infected fetus, a transplant patient, or a person with HIV Spirochete Bacterium of the genus Spirochaeta that is motile and spiral shaped with flexible filaments. They include the organisms responsible for leprosy, relapsing fever, syphilis, and yaws condylomata lata Highly infectious patches of weepy pink or gray skin that appear in the moist areas of the body during secondary syphili condylomata acuminata Genital warts cystitis Inflammation of the urinary bladder anemia A deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood, as in the amount of hemoglobin or the number or volume of red blood cells. Iron deficiency, often caused by inadequate dietary consumption of iron, and blood loss are common causes of anemia. Malaise A general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness, often the first indication of an infection or other disease Auscultation The act of listening for sounds made by internal organs, such as the heart and lungs, to aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders. Polyhydramnios Excess of amniotic fluid, usually exceding 2000 mL Oligohydramnios Deficiency in the amount of amniotic fluid Preeclampsia The development of an elevated blood pressure "with" proteinuria and often sudden edema, epigastric pain, frontal headache Eclampsia Coma or convulsions in a patient with preeclampsia, occurring in late pregnancy, during labor, or within 24 hours after parturition placenta previa condition that occurs during pregnancy when the placenta is abnormally placed, and partially or totally covers the cervix abruptio placenta occurs when the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus prior to the birth of the baby. This can result in severe, uncontrollable bleeding bimanual examination An examination, usually vaginal, that requires the use of both of the examiner's hands, internally and abdominally. Cephalopelvic Pertaining to the relationship of the fetal head to the maternal pelvis Postmaturity A diagnosis that can only be made after delivery - it is "not" the same thing as "postdates", although it occurs in about 25% of post-dates babies. It is characterized by a combination of the following: oligohydramnios, meconium-staining, newborn with loss of cutaneous fat (looks "wizened"), long fingernails, wrinkled, peeling skin. Absence of lanugo and absence of vernix. Assumed to be a result of increasing uteral-placental insufficiency. Dysmature Baby who looks/scores differently on their gestational age assessment than their dates (ie: scoring 35 weeks at 40 weeks)