RBT 2023 with verified questions and answers

Preference Assessment is a systematic way of identifying preferred items that when provided immediately after a response, increase the frequency of future responses. free operant free access to all items/activities to identify and time duration of interaction with activities and order in which selected multiple stimulus with or without replacement (MSW or MSWO) present an array and record how often an item is selected MSWO assessments allow the student to rank stimuli that are most preferred among an array of options Forced Choice present pairs of preferred items and note which is selected. Single Stimulus present a single stimulus, and see if person contacts it. Record the latency or duration of contact. Reinforcement/ Punishment a stimulus is added or removed that increases the future frequency of a behavior Reinforcement a stimulus is added or removed that increases the future frequency of a behavior punishment a stimulus is added or removed that decreases the future frequency of a behavior. positive reinforcement a stimulus is added that increases the future frequency of a behavior negative reinforcement stimulus is removed that increases the future frequency of a behavior positive punishment stimulus added that decrease the future behavior negative punishment stimulus removed that decreases the future behavior reinforcer item or activity presented immediately following a behavior to increase the likelihood of future occurrences of desired behavior. tangible something you can hold and feel - ex stuffed animal, crayon,book token economy an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats Socially mediated behaviors that require a person to deliver the reinforcement reinforcement that is dependent on / involves interaction / mediation of others - facilitated by another person ACQUISITION PROGRAMMING ... ABC an indirect way to assess function of problem behavior antecedent what happens right before a behavior occurs -the sd is antecedent discriminative stimulus any stimulus, such as a stop sign or a doorknob, that provides the organism with a cue for making a certain response in order to obtain reinforcement -is what the therapists says as the demand/direction for the individual to follow - signals that reinforcement is available behavior must be observable and measurable - should pass the dead man test - if a dead man can do it then it is not behavior - also known as the response consequence the result of an action what happens right after a behavior occurs - reinforcer during DTT trails BEHAVIOR DEFINITIONS ... operational definition Before a behavior can be assessed and analyzed it is important to operationally define the behavior. An operational definition of behavior describes what the behavior or behaviors of interest look like in a way that is observable, measurable, and repeatable.. Target Behavior (TB) The behavior to be changed. --behavior that is identified for increase or decrease Natural environment teaching NET teaching that occur in naturally occurring activities —-Natural Environment Teaching is a term that is used for when skills are taught or generalized within the natural environment. discrete trial training DTT it teaches skills through a structured ladder of small, easily-taught components. DTT is a structured ABA technique that breaks down skills into small, "discrete" components discrete trial instruction DTI Breaking skills down into small steps Teaching one step at a time until mastery Providing repetition Prompting and prompt fading procedures Positive reinforcement Discrimination in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus --Reinforcing or punishing a response in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it or allowing it to recover in the presence of another stimulus. discrimination training involves reinforcing a behavior (e.g., pecking) in the presence of one stimulus but not others. ... The discriminative stimulus is the cue (stimulus) that is present when the behavior is reinforced. fixed reinforcement A reinforcement schedule that allows students to predict when the reinforcement will follow the desirable behavior --delivered after a specified amount of time, response, or interval variable reinforcement ... Prompts an additional antecedent stimulus that is used to evoke a behavior so that it can then be reinforced prompt dependency occurs when: the child relies on the prompt to elicit a desired behavior when the client becomes dependent on a prompt and will wait for a prompt instead of completing a task by themselves Prompt Fading fading out the prompt to have the client complete the skill by themselves Least-to-most prompting (LtM) Type of prompt hierarchy beginning with the least intrusive level of prompting and increasing as errors occur ex; gestural prompt, partial physical prompt, full physical prompt Most-to-least prompting (MtL) Type of prompt hierarchy beginning with most intrusive prompt required to gain correct responding and fading out as success is observed ex; full physical prompt, partial physical prompt, gesture prompt. Model/ imitative prompt ... INSTRUCTIONAL CONTROL ... Pairing ... Motivation Operation (MO) changes the value of a consequence and increases the chance of a behavior that produces that consequence. However, it does not change the availability of that consequence. Abolishing Operation (AO) A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion. DISC ... Satiation A decrease in the frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that has followed the behavior. derivation ...