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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1
Reproduction in Organisms Class 12
Chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms Exercise Solutions
Exercise : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 17
Q1 :
Why is reproduction essential for organisms?
Answer :
Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all living organisms. It is a biological process through which living organisms
produce offspring's similar to them. Reproduction ensures the continuance of various species on the Earth. In the
absence of reproduction, the species will not be able to exist for a long time and may soon get extinct.
Q2 :
Which is a better mode of reproduction sexual or asexual? Why?
Answer :
Sexual reproduction is a better mode of reproduction. It allows the formation of new variants by the combination of
the DNA from two different individuals, typically one of each sex. It involves the fusion of the male and the female
gamete to produce variants, which are not identical to their parents and to themselves. This variation allows the
individual to adapt to constantly changing and challenging environments. Also, it leads to the evolution of better
suited organisms which ensures greater survival of a species. On the contrary, asexual reproduction allows very little
or no variation at all. As a result, the individuals produced are exact copies of their parents and themselves.
Q3 :
Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
Answer :
A clone is a group of morphologically and genetically identical individuals.
In the process of asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved and there is no fusion of the male and the female
gamete. As a result, the offsprings so produced are morphologically and genetically similar to their parents and are
thus, called clones.
Q4 :
Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is this statement always
true?
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Answer :
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of the male and the female gamete. This fusion allows the formation of new
variants by the combination of the DNA from two (usually) different members of the species. The variations allow the
individuals to adapt under varied environmental conditions for better chances of survival.
However, it is not always necessary that the offspring produced due to sexual reproduction has better chances of
survival. Under some circumstances, asexual reproduction is more advantageous for certain organisms. For
example, some individuals who do not move from one place to another and are well settled in their environment.
Also, asexual reproduction is a fast and a quick mode of reproduction which does not consume much time and
energy as compared to sexual reproduction.
Q5 :
How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual reproduction?
Answer :
Progeny formed from asexual reproduction Progeny formed from sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of the
of the male and the female gamete. Organisms male and the female gamete of two individuals,
1. undergoing this kind of reproduction produce typically one of each sex. Organisms undergoing
offspring's that are morphologically and this kind of reproduction produce offspring's that
genetically identical to them. are not identical to them.
Offsprings thus produced do not show variations Offspring's thus produced show variations from
2.
and are called clones. each other and their parents.
Q6 :
Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction also considered as a
type of asexual reproduction?
Answer :
Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
It involves the fusion of the male and female It does not involves the fusion of the male and
1
gamete. the female gamete
2. It requires two (usually) different individuals. It requires only one individual.
The individuals produced are not identical to their
The individuals produced are identical to the
3. parents and show variations from each other and
parent and are hence, called clones.
also, from their parents.
www.ncrtsolutions.in
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 1
Reproduction in Organisms Class 12
Chapter 1 Reproduction in Organisms Exercise Solutions
Exercise : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 17
Q1 :
Why is reproduction essential for organisms?
Answer :
Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all living organisms. It is a biological process through which living organisms
produce offspring's similar to them. Reproduction ensures the continuance of various species on the Earth. In the
absence of reproduction, the species will not be able to exist for a long time and may soon get extinct.
Q2 :
Which is a better mode of reproduction sexual or asexual? Why?
Answer :
Sexual reproduction is a better mode of reproduction. It allows the formation of new variants by the combination of
the DNA from two different individuals, typically one of each sex. It involves the fusion of the male and the female
gamete to produce variants, which are not identical to their parents and to themselves. This variation allows the
individual to adapt to constantly changing and challenging environments. Also, it leads to the evolution of better
suited organisms which ensures greater survival of a species. On the contrary, asexual reproduction allows very little
or no variation at all. As a result, the individuals produced are exact copies of their parents and themselves.
Q3 :
Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
Answer :
A clone is a group of morphologically and genetically identical individuals.
In the process of asexual reproduction, only one parent is involved and there is no fusion of the male and the female
gamete. As a result, the offsprings so produced are morphologically and genetically similar to their parents and are
thus, called clones.
Q4 :
Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is this statement always
true?
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Answer :
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of the male and the female gamete. This fusion allows the formation of new
variants by the combination of the DNA from two (usually) different members of the species. The variations allow the
individuals to adapt under varied environmental conditions for better chances of survival.
However, it is not always necessary that the offspring produced due to sexual reproduction has better chances of
survival. Under some circumstances, asexual reproduction is more advantageous for certain organisms. For
example, some individuals who do not move from one place to another and are well settled in their environment.
Also, asexual reproduction is a fast and a quick mode of reproduction which does not consume much time and
energy as compared to sexual reproduction.
Q5 :
How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual reproduction?
Answer :
Progeny formed from asexual reproduction Progeny formed from sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of the
of the male and the female gamete. Organisms male and the female gamete of two individuals,
1. undergoing this kind of reproduction produce typically one of each sex. Organisms undergoing
offspring's that are morphologically and this kind of reproduction produce offspring's that
genetically identical to them. are not identical to them.
Offsprings thus produced do not show variations Offspring's thus produced show variations from
2.
and are called clones. each other and their parents.
Q6 :
Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction also considered as a
type of asexual reproduction?
Answer :
Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
It involves the fusion of the male and female It does not involves the fusion of the male and
1
gamete. the female gamete
2. It requires two (usually) different individuals. It requires only one individual.
The individuals produced are not identical to their
The individuals produced are identical to the
3. parents and show variations from each other and
parent and are hence, called clones.
also, from their parents.
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