FINAL PATHOLOGY
1. An 86-year-old man with a history of recurrent urinary tract presents with fever,
tachypnea, tachycardia, mental obtundation, and reduced blood pressure.
Which of the following forms of shock is most likely?
A. Anaphylactic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Septic shock
2. A 55-year-old develops an acute myocardial infarction because of the sudden
occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The areas of
myocardial necrosis within the ventricle can best be described as (Ch.2)
A. Coagulative Necrosis
B. Liquefactive Necrosis
C. Caseous Necrosis
D. Fibrinoid Necrosis
E. Fat Necrosis
3. A 25 -year-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over
the past day. On physical examination there is rebound tenderness on palpation
over the right lower quadrant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed, and the
appendix is swollen, erythematous, and partly covered by a yellowish exudate. It is
removed, and a microscopic section shows infiltration with numerous neutrophils.
The pain experienced by this patient is predominantly the result of which of the
following two chemical mediators?
A. Complement C3b and IgG
B. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor
C. Histamine and serotonin
D. Prostaglandin and bradykinin
4. Which of the following cellular adaptation to stress is
described below? Shrinkage in the size of cells by the loss of cell
substance producing autophagic vacuoles (Ch.2)
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
E. Dysplasia
5. The term hemangioma refers to (Ch.6)
A. An irregular accumulation of blood vessels
B. Proliferation of non-neoplastic fibrous connective tissue
C. Maturation and spatial arrangement of cells
D. Normal tissue misplaced within another organ
E. Metastatic involvement of surrounding tissue
6. What are bradykinin, serotonin and prostaglandins?
, A. Pain inducing chemical mediators
B. Mediators of apoptosis
C. Necrosis chemokines
D. Neurotransmitters
7. A 26-year-old female presents with severe pain during menses (dysmenorrhea).
To treat her symptoms, you advise her to take indomethacin (COX Inhibitor) in
the hopes that it will reduce her pain by interfering with the production of
A. Bradykinin
B. Histamine
C. Leukotrienes
D. Phospholipase A2
E. Prostaglandin F2
8. A 24-year-old woman dies few hours after the labor. Review of the
clinical history reveals that she had become acutely ill with dyspnea,
hypotension, and seizures, and a chest radiograph had
demonstrated evidence of pulmonary edema. Autopsy findings were
fetal skin. The possible cause of death most likely was: (8) (Ch.4)
A. Bone marrow emboli
B. Pulmonary emboli
C. Widespread thrombosis
D. Septic emboli
9. After binding to Fas ligsnd (CD95L), Fas (CD95) self-associates and
activates Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), which in
turn induces apoptosis by stimulating
A. bcl-2
B. Caspase 8
C. Cytochrome a3
D. Cytochrome p450
E. Elastase 6
10. Clawlike flexion deformity of the finger is associated with which disorder?
(Ch.5) A. Scleroderma
B. Sjogren syndrome
C. SLE
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
E. Parkinson's disease
11. Which of these cytokines is mainly responsible for cancer cachexia? (Ch.6)
A. TGF beta
B. IL-17
C. TNF
D. IL-10
12. A 31-year-old gives birth to a healthy boy. Woman dies after a short
illness. Clinical presentation was sudden dyspnea, headache, fever,
, seizure. At autopsy, blood vessels in the lungs contained fetal debris,
as did other vessels of multiple organs. The possible cause of death
most likely is: (12)
A. Gas emboli
B. Amniotic fluid emboli
C. Bone marrow emboli
D. Myocardium infarction
13. A 12-year-old boy suddenly develops severe testicular pain. He is taken to the
emergency room, where he is evaluated and immediately taken to surgery.
There his lef t testis is found to be markedly hemorrhagic due to testicular
torsion. This abnormality caused a hemorrhagic testicular infarction because of
(Ch.4)
A. Arterial occlusion
B. Septic implantation
C. The collateral blood supply of the testis
D. The dual blood supply of the testis
E. Venous occlusion
14. A 49-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with early-stage
breast cancer undergoes surgery for a lumpectomy to remove a small
tumor detected by mammography. The pathology report confirms
the early stage of the cancer and further comments on the fact that
there is significant desmoplasia in the surrounding tissue. The term
desmoplasia refers to (Ch.6)
A. an irregular accumulation of blood vessels.
B. maturation and spatial arrangement of cells.
C. metastatic involvement of surrounding tissue.
D. normal tissue misplaced within another organ.
E. proliferation of non-neoplastic fibrous connective tissue.
15. A 51-year-old women comes to the physician with substernal burning pain
following meals for many years. The physician decides to perform upper Gl
endoscopy with biopsies. Upper GI endoscopy shows erythematous area of
the lower esophageal mucosa above the gastroesophageal junction. There is
no mass lesion, no ulceration, and no hemorrhage noted. The diagnosis of
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is made. The biopsies show the
presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Which of the following
mucosal alterations is most likely represented by these findings?
A. Ischemia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Carcinoma
D. Dysplasia
E. Metaplasia
16. You are studying apoptosis. By the introduction of a naturally
chemical, you wish to shorten the life span of cultured cells that are
derived from a human liver and that have been exposed to
, radiation.
1. An 86-year-old man with a history of recurrent urinary tract presents with fever,
tachypnea, tachycardia, mental obtundation, and reduced blood pressure.
Which of the following forms of shock is most likely?
A. Anaphylactic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Septic shock
2. A 55-year-old develops an acute myocardial infarction because of the sudden
occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The areas of
myocardial necrosis within the ventricle can best be described as (Ch.2)
A. Coagulative Necrosis
B. Liquefactive Necrosis
C. Caseous Necrosis
D. Fibrinoid Necrosis
E. Fat Necrosis
3. A 25 -year-old man develops marked right lower quadrant abdominal pain over
the past day. On physical examination there is rebound tenderness on palpation
over the right lower quadrant. Laparoscopic surgery is performed, and the
appendix is swollen, erythematous, and partly covered by a yellowish exudate. It is
removed, and a microscopic section shows infiltration with numerous neutrophils.
The pain experienced by this patient is predominantly the result of which of the
following two chemical mediators?
A. Complement C3b and IgG
B. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor
C. Histamine and serotonin
D. Prostaglandin and bradykinin
4. Which of the following cellular adaptation to stress is
described below? Shrinkage in the size of cells by the loss of cell
substance producing autophagic vacuoles (Ch.2)
A. Hypertrophy
B. Atrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
E. Dysplasia
5. The term hemangioma refers to (Ch.6)
A. An irregular accumulation of blood vessels
B. Proliferation of non-neoplastic fibrous connective tissue
C. Maturation and spatial arrangement of cells
D. Normal tissue misplaced within another organ
E. Metastatic involvement of surrounding tissue
6. What are bradykinin, serotonin and prostaglandins?
, A. Pain inducing chemical mediators
B. Mediators of apoptosis
C. Necrosis chemokines
D. Neurotransmitters
7. A 26-year-old female presents with severe pain during menses (dysmenorrhea).
To treat her symptoms, you advise her to take indomethacin (COX Inhibitor) in
the hopes that it will reduce her pain by interfering with the production of
A. Bradykinin
B. Histamine
C. Leukotrienes
D. Phospholipase A2
E. Prostaglandin F2
8. A 24-year-old woman dies few hours after the labor. Review of the
clinical history reveals that she had become acutely ill with dyspnea,
hypotension, and seizures, and a chest radiograph had
demonstrated evidence of pulmonary edema. Autopsy findings were
fetal skin. The possible cause of death most likely was: (8) (Ch.4)
A. Bone marrow emboli
B. Pulmonary emboli
C. Widespread thrombosis
D. Septic emboli
9. After binding to Fas ligsnd (CD95L), Fas (CD95) self-associates and
activates Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), which in
turn induces apoptosis by stimulating
A. bcl-2
B. Caspase 8
C. Cytochrome a3
D. Cytochrome p450
E. Elastase 6
10. Clawlike flexion deformity of the finger is associated with which disorder?
(Ch.5) A. Scleroderma
B. Sjogren syndrome
C. SLE
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
E. Parkinson's disease
11. Which of these cytokines is mainly responsible for cancer cachexia? (Ch.6)
A. TGF beta
B. IL-17
C. TNF
D. IL-10
12. A 31-year-old gives birth to a healthy boy. Woman dies after a short
illness. Clinical presentation was sudden dyspnea, headache, fever,
, seizure. At autopsy, blood vessels in the lungs contained fetal debris,
as did other vessels of multiple organs. The possible cause of death
most likely is: (12)
A. Gas emboli
B. Amniotic fluid emboli
C. Bone marrow emboli
D. Myocardium infarction
13. A 12-year-old boy suddenly develops severe testicular pain. He is taken to the
emergency room, where he is evaluated and immediately taken to surgery.
There his lef t testis is found to be markedly hemorrhagic due to testicular
torsion. This abnormality caused a hemorrhagic testicular infarction because of
(Ch.4)
A. Arterial occlusion
B. Septic implantation
C. The collateral blood supply of the testis
D. The dual blood supply of the testis
E. Venous occlusion
14. A 49-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with early-stage
breast cancer undergoes surgery for a lumpectomy to remove a small
tumor detected by mammography. The pathology report confirms
the early stage of the cancer and further comments on the fact that
there is significant desmoplasia in the surrounding tissue. The term
desmoplasia refers to (Ch.6)
A. an irregular accumulation of blood vessels.
B. maturation and spatial arrangement of cells.
C. metastatic involvement of surrounding tissue.
D. normal tissue misplaced within another organ.
E. proliferation of non-neoplastic fibrous connective tissue.
15. A 51-year-old women comes to the physician with substernal burning pain
following meals for many years. The physician decides to perform upper Gl
endoscopy with biopsies. Upper GI endoscopy shows erythematous area of
the lower esophageal mucosa above the gastroesophageal junction. There is
no mass lesion, no ulceration, and no hemorrhage noted. The diagnosis of
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is made. The biopsies show the
presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Which of the following
mucosal alterations is most likely represented by these findings?
A. Ischemia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Carcinoma
D. Dysplasia
E. Metaplasia
16. You are studying apoptosis. By the introduction of a naturally
chemical, you wish to shorten the life span of cultured cells that are
derived from a human liver and that have been exposed to
, radiation.
