Penn Foster A&P 2 Proctored Exam Questions with correct Answers

In mammals, the most common type of agranulocyte in the body is the... - Answer- Lymphocyte Leukocytes are also known as... - Answer- White Blood Cells Cells involved in the production of antibodies are... - Answer- B Cells Name the 5 types of white blood cells - Answer- Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte, Lymphocyte Name three types of lymphoid tissue - Answer- Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Spleen, Thymus, Bursa of Fabricius, Peyers Patches Name the four types of cells that lymphocytes can be divided into - Answer- B cell, T Cell, NK Cell, and Plasma Cell A high neutrophil count is called... - Answer- Neutrophilia A low lymphocyte count is called... - Answer- Lymphopenia Two dorsal chambers closer to the spine - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Atria Two ventral chambers closer to the sternum - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Ventricles Wall of muscle dividing the two atria - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Interatrial Septum Wall of muscle between the two ventricles - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Interventricular Septum Chords of fibrous tissue that anchor the tips of the flaps to the papillary muslces - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Chordae Tendineae Fibrous ring and its associated flaps in the interior of the ventricle are called... - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Atrioventricular Valve The right atrioventricular valve that usually has three flaps - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Tricuspid Valve The valve controlling blood flow through the pulmonary artery - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Pulmonary Valve The valve controlling blood flow through the aorta - Answer- (Heart's Gross Anatomy) Aortic Valve Arteries - Carry blood from the heart to the cells and establish the blood pressure in the circulatory system Arterioles - Carry blood from the muscular arteries to the capillaries Capillaries - Vessels that supply blood to the body's tissue Veins - Carry blood from the cells to the heart Venules - Carry blood from the capillaries to the muscular veins All blood vessels have an outer layer made up of connective tissue, a middle layer of smooth muscle, and an inner layer composed of epithelial cells - Answer- Describe the structure and function of the vessels of the circulatory system Blood supply that goes to the lungs so the blood can be oxygenated and rid itself of carbon dioxide - Answer- Describe the pulmonic circulatory system Network of blood vessels supplying all cells of the body - Answer- Describe the systemic circulatory system Carries blood from the fetus to the placenta to get rid of carbon dioxide and waste to pick up oxygen and nutrients by the way of the umbilical chord - Receives oxygen from the mother's blood - Answer- Describe the fetal circulatory system (T/F) The first line of defense is part of the adaptive immune system - Answer- False (T/F) MALT contains subcategories that include CALT, NALT, and GALT - Answer- True (T/F) CALT is found in the cat only - Answer- False What bone marrow produces the white blood cells - Answer- Red What immune system targets specific organisms - Answer- Adaptive Another name for antibodies are... - Answer- Immunoglobulins The contraction phase of the heartbeat that occurs as the current travels around the heart is called... - Answer- Systole Normal electrical impulses in the heart originate at the... - Answer- SA Node Arteries, veins, and capillaries - Answer- What are the three types of blood vessels? Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle - Answer- Identify the four chambers of the heart Contraction of the left atrium pushes blood through the ... valve and into the left ventricle - Answer- Mitral Valve (or bicuspid valve) Contraction of the right atrium pushes blood through the ... valve and into the right ventricle - Answer- Tricuspid valve The layer of elastic epithelial tissue that lines the myocardium on the inside of the heart is called the... - Answer- Endothelium What arteries are responsible for bringing oxygen to the heart muscles? - Answer- Coronary Scroll-like sheets of tissue dividing each nasal cavity into several divisions - Answer- Turbinates Smallest dead-end sacs in the lung; used for exchange of gasses - Answer- Alveoli Cavity dorsal to the soft palate - Answer- Nasopharynx Opening of the larynx - Answer- Glottis Composed of thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages - Answer- Larynx Fluid lining of the alveolus - Answer- Surfactant Process of moving air in and out of the alveoli during one complete breath - Answer- Ventilation Drug that opens the airways to permit easier respirations - Answer- Bronchodilator Total amount of air passing through the respiratory system - Answer- Tidal Volume Incisors, canines, premolars, molars - Answer- Name the four types of teeth found in most domestic animals Parotid gland - Answer- The salivary gland that's located in the angle between the ear and the back of the lower jawbone is the... Reticular (esophageal) groove - Answer- What diverts milk from the esophagus to the abomasum, bypassing the rumen, in a newborn ruminant? Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum - Answer- List the four compartments of the ruminant stomach in order from the esophagus to the small intestine Compound that emulsifies fats - Answer- Bile Hormone secreted by the stomach - Answer- Gastrin Structure in a villus that absorbs fats - Answer- Lacteal Enzyme that begins the breakdown of protein - Answer- Pepsin Enzyme that helps break down fats - Answer- Lipase Water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals - Answer- List the six categories of nutrients Essential nutrients - Answer- What nutrient is one that can't be made by the body; it has to be obtained from the animal's diet Glucose - Answer- What is the fundamental building block for carbohydrates? Amino acids - Answer- What is the fundamental building block for proteins? Glycerol and free fatty acids - Answer- What are neutral fats made up of? Breaking down - Catabolism Making new - Anabolism - Answer- What is the process of breaking down nutrients, and what is the process of making new nutrients? Mitochondria - Answer- Where in the cell does aerobic respiration occur? Protein - Answer- Enzymes are a type of... Tube carrying urine from the bladder to the external enviornment - Answer- Urethra Hormone secreted by adrenal glands - Answer- Aldosterone Hormone causing angiotensin production - Answer- Renin Functional unit of the kindey - Answer- Nephron Tube carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder - Answer- Ureter Hormone stimulating red blood cell production - Answer- Erythropoietin Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra - Answer- What are the four major structures that make up the mammalian urinary system? Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. - Answer- What two structures act as a filter to remove plasma elements, besides proteins,