Homologous Suffix Functional General Example Reactions Identification
Series Group Formula Tests
Alkane -ane C-C CnH2n+2 methane (1) Free radical substitution
ethane
Alkene -ene C=O CnH2n Butene (1) Electropholic addition *Bromine test from brown to
Ethene (2)addition polymerisation colourless i'd double bond present.
(3)
* Potassium manganate(VII) is also
changed from its purple colour to
colourless in the presence of
alkenes. Two OH groups are added
across the double bond, giving the
diol (alcohol with two -OH groups).
Halogenoalkane Halo- CnH2n+1X (1)Nucleophilic substitution * first part of the process is
(2) Elimination reaction hydrolysis, where the organic
compound is heated with aqueous
sodium hydroxide solution
* RX + NaOH(aq) → ROH + Na+(aq) +
X-(aq)
*
*
Alcohol -ol -OH CnH2n+1OH Ethanol (1) oxidation Acidified potassium
(2)esterification dichromate______ (VI) changes
(3) Elimination (dehydration) from __orange to green for 1° and
2° alcohols only. Doesn’t work for 3°
alcohols.
Aldehyde -al -C=O at end of CnH2nO Propanal (1) oxidation
compound
Ketone -one -C=O- In middle CnH2nO Propanone
Series Group Formula Tests
Alkane -ane C-C CnH2n+2 methane (1) Free radical substitution
ethane
Alkene -ene C=O CnH2n Butene (1) Electropholic addition *Bromine test from brown to
Ethene (2)addition polymerisation colourless i'd double bond present.
(3)
* Potassium manganate(VII) is also
changed from its purple colour to
colourless in the presence of
alkenes. Two OH groups are added
across the double bond, giving the
diol (alcohol with two -OH groups).
Halogenoalkane Halo- CnH2n+1X (1)Nucleophilic substitution * first part of the process is
(2) Elimination reaction hydrolysis, where the organic
compound is heated with aqueous
sodium hydroxide solution
* RX + NaOH(aq) → ROH + Na+(aq) +
X-(aq)
*
*
Alcohol -ol -OH CnH2n+1OH Ethanol (1) oxidation Acidified potassium
(2)esterification dichromate______ (VI) changes
(3) Elimination (dehydration) from __orange to green for 1° and
2° alcohols only. Doesn’t work for 3°
alcohols.
Aldehyde -al -C=O at end of CnH2nO Propanal (1) oxidation
compound
Ketone -one -C=O- In middle CnH2nO Propanone
