Colorado Esthetician Written Exam Study Guide

Colorado Esthetician Written Exam Study Guide Patch test Ans- Inside of arm, elbow, small area of face and wait 24 hours Allergy Test Ans- Predisposition Test Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) Ans- Regulates employee safety Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Ans- Testing and approving drugs sold Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Ans- Registers all types of disinfectants sold and used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Ans- Protective clothing and devices to protect individuals from blood born pathogens Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Ans- Studying diseases and prevent spread Universal Precautions (UP) Ans- Employer and employee to assume that there are pathogens present in human blood that can spread disease in humans Standard Precautions Ans- Introduced by the CDC in 1996, Workers must assume all blood and bodily fluids are potential risks of infection Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Ans- Contains information on product safety and possible hazards (calling poison control or 911) Infection Control Ans- Methods to reduce transmission of infectious organisms Bacteria Ans- Single cell microorganisms Nonpathogenic Ans- Harmless organisms that may preform useful functions Pathogenic Ans- Harmful organisms that cause disease and infection Cocci Ans- Round shaped bacteria (self-movement) Staphylococci Ans- Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like grapes Streptococci Ans- Pus-forming bacteria that curve like a string of beads Diplococci Ans- Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs (DI=2) causes pneumonia Bacilli Ans- Short rod-shaped bacteria Spirilla Ans- Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria Flagella Ans- Slender, hair like extensions used by parasites for locomotion (moving about) snake like motion Cilia Ans- Hair like extensions, but shorter and and move in a rowing-like motion Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Ans- infectious bacteria that is high resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics Viruses Ans- Parasitic submicroscopic particles that infects and resides in cells, Does not have a cell or nucleus, it is a protein. ex. Common colds, measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, HIV/AIDS Fungi Ans- Microscopic plant parasites that include mold, mildew, and yeast Dermatophytes Ans- Fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections Tinea Pedis Ans- Ringworm fungus of the foot Parasites Ans- Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in a host Scabies Ans- Contagious skin disease caused by itch mite Pediculosis Ans- Infestation of head lice Cleaning Ans- Washing with soap and water Disinfection Ans- Chemical disinfectant that destroys most but not all organisms (must be in for 10 minutes) Bactericidal Ans- Kills bacteria Virucidal Ans- Kills viruses Fungicidal Ans- Kills fungi Sterilization Ans- Destroys all pathogens and microbial life, ex. Autoclaves: using high pressure steam under dry heat Single Use Ans- Disposables items that cannot be used more than once Multi-use Ans- Reusable items that can be cleaned and disinfected even if exposed to blood or bodily fluids Cross-contamination Ans- Touching an object without cleaning hands and then touching another object Aseptic Procedures Ans- Process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies Skin Histology Ans- Study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue Skin Physiology Ans- Study of the functions of living organisms Second Degree Ans- Affects the top two layers of the skin. Asymptomatic Ans- Showing no symptoms or signs of infection Porous Ans- Made or constructed of a material that has openings Nonporus Ans- Has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquid Mycrobacterium Fortuitum Ans- Microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water Skin Histology Ans- Study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue Skin Physiology Ans- Study of the functions of living organisms 6 Skin Functions Ans- Protection, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Temperature Regulation, Sensation Protection Ans- Acid mantle protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water. Forms a hydrolipidic film to protect the skin from trying out from exposure to external factors. Sensation Ans- Responds to touch, pain, cold, heat and pressure Thermoregulation Ans- Average internal temp is 98.6° F through evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation Excretion Ans- Sudoriferous glands; sweat glands detoxifies the body by excreting excess water, salt, and unwanted chemicals Secretion Ans- Sebum; oily substance that protects and lubricates the skin. Sebaceous glands; oil glands. Skin is 50 to 70% water and slows down the evaporation of water Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Absorption Ans- Absorbs water, ingredients, oxygen necessary for skin's health. Epidermis Ans- Outermost Layer Stratum Corneum Ans- (horny layer) thin and waterproof Stratum Lucidum Ans- thin clear layer of dead skin cells Stratum Granulosum Ans- (granular layer) composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled w/ keratin Stratum Spinosum Ans- (spiny layer) cells divide and change shape. Enzymes are creating lipids and proteins Stratum Basal Ans- Above the dermis, single layer of basal cells. Cells undergo mitosis to replenish the loss of skin cells Keratinocytes Ans- Produce keratin and keeps the skin strong, flexible, and waterproof Melanocytes Ans- Produce pigment (give skin its color) Langerhans Ans- Immune cells (support the immune system) Merkel's Cells Ans- Nerve cells (sense of touch) Dermis Ans- Cornium Curis. Broken into two layers Papillary Ans- Connects the dermis to the epidermis Reticular Ans- Deeper layer of the dermis made of collagen and elastin Subcutaneous Layer Ans- Also known as the hypodermis. Composed of loose connective tissue (adipose tissue) 80% fat Dry Ans- Lacks lips or sebum production. Normal Ans- Good balance of all skin functions, circulation, oil and water, and barrier protection Combination Ans- Oily, dry and/or normal at the same time. T-zone imbalance is common Oily Ans- Excess sebum production Sensitive Skin Ans- Skin type and condition. Fragile, reactive, easily inflamed skin Dehydrated Skin Ans- Lacks water and can occur in any skin type Glogau Scale Ans- Evaluates photo damage (sun) based on wrinkling categorized by age Rubin's Classification Ans- Uses levels to classify photo damage by the depth of skin changes or damage. Indicates what type of treatment is appropriate for the skin's condition Sebaceous Gland Ans- Oil glands Sudoriferous Gland Ans- Sweat glands Sebum Ans- Lubricates the skin Sweat Glands Ans- Cools the skin Alipidic Ans- Not enough oil Rosacea Ans- Varying degrees of redness and inflammation Acne Ans- Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland. Build up of cells, oil secretions, and bacteria. Lack of oxygen Open Comedones Ans- Blackheads Closed Comedones Ans- Whiteheads Milia Ans- Small hard white bump. Sebum formed w/o pore Grade 1 Ans- minor breakouts, some open and closed comedones Grade 2 Ans- many more open and closed comedones Grade 3 Ans- red and inflamed, many open and closed comedones Grade 4 Ans- cystic acne, inflammation, scar formation from tissue damage Basal Cell Carcinoma Ans- most common and least severe; open sores, reddish patches Squamous Cell Carcinoma Ans- More serious, red or pink scaly papule or nodules, open sores or crusty areas that do not heal and may bleed easily Malignant Melanoma Ans- Most severe form of skin cancer, black or dark patches on skin. Usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised Lesions Ans- Structural changes in the tissues caused by damage or injury Primary Lesion Ans- lesions in the early stages. Flat, non-palpable changes in skin color or by elevations Secondary Lesion Ans- develop in the later stages of disease and change the structure of tissues and organs Dermatitis Ans- Inflammatory condition of the skin Eczema Ans- Inflammatory, painful, itching disease of the skin Folliculitis Ans- Hair grows under the surface instead of growing up and out of the follicle, causing bacterial infection (ingrown hairs) Psoriasis Ans- Itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered w/ white-silver scales Circulatory Ans- Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels. Digestive Ans- Breaks down foods into nutrients and wastes; consists of mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs. Metabolism Ans- Process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy Anabolism Ans- Metabolic process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones Catabolism Ans- Complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones Endocrine Ans- Affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body; consists of specialized glands. Excretory Ans- Purifies the body by eliminating waste matter; consists of kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs. Integumentary Ans- Serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature; consists of skin and its accessory organs, such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails. Lymphatic/Immune Muscular Ans- Protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease- causing toxins and bacteria. Muscular Ans- Covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place; the muscular system contracts and moves various parts of the body. Nervous Ans- Controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently; composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Sensory Nerves Ans- Afferent nerves- carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain such as touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure Motor Nerves Ans- Efferent nerves- carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands. Produce movement Central Nervous System (CNS) Ans- Controls consciousness and mental activities. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerve