INSIGHTSIAS OGP 2019 POLITY MCQS MODULE
Table of Contents
Constitutional Framework .................................................................................................................... 14
1. Historical Background ................................................................................................................... 14
The Company Rule (1773-1858) ................................................................................................... 14
The Crown Rule (1858-1947) ........................................................................................................ 15
2. Making of the Constitution ........................................................................................................... 21
Demand for a Constituent Assembly ............................................................................................ 21
Composition of the Constituent Assembly ................................................................................... 21
Working of the Constituent Assembly .......................................................................................... 22
Committees of the Constituent Assembly .................................................................................... 22
Enactment of the Constitution ..................................................................................................... 22
Enforcement of the Constitution .................................................................................................. 22
Criticism of the Constituent Assembly .......................................................................................... 23
Important Facts ............................................................................................................................. 23
3. Salient Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................. 23
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 24
Salient Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................. 25
Criticism of the Constitution ......................................................................................................... 34
4. Preamble of the Constitution........................................................................................................ 34
Text of the Preamble..................................................................................................................... 34
Ingredients of the Preamble ......................................................................................................... 34
Key Words in the Preamble .......................................................................................................... 35
Significance of the Preamble ........................................................................................................ 36
Preamble as Part of the Constitution............................................................................................ 36
Amendability of the Preamble ...................................................................................................... 37
5. Union and its Territory .................................................................................................................. 37
Union of States.............................................................................................................................. 37
Parliament's Power to Reorganise the States ............................................................................... 37
Evolution of States and Union Territories..................................................................................... 38
6. Citizenship ..................................................................................................................................... 41
Meaning and Significance ............................................................................................................. 41
Constitutional Provisions .............................................................................................................. 41
Citizenship Act, 1955..................................................................................................................... 41
Single Citizenship .......................................................................................................................... 41
Overseas Citizenship of India ........................................................................................................ 41
, https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
INSIGHTSIAS OGP 2019 POLITY MCQS MODULE
7. Fundamental Rights ...................................................................................................................... 43
Features of Fundamental Rights ................................................................................................... 43
Definition of State ......................................................................................................................... 44
Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights................................................................................. 44
Right to Equality ............................................................................................................................ 44
Right to Freedom .......................................................................................................................... 50
Right against Exploitation ............................................................................................................. 56
Right to Freedom of Religion ........................................................................................................ 56
Cultural and Educational Rights .................................................................................................... 56
Right to Constitutional Remedies ................................................................................................. 57
Writs-Types and Scope.................................................................................................................. 58
Armed Forces and Fundamental Rights ........................................................................................ 60
Martial Law and Fundamental Rights ........................................................................................... 60
Effecting Certain Fundamental Rights .......................................................................................... 60
Present Position of Right to Property ........................................................................................... 60
Exceptions to Fundamental Rights................................................................................................ 60
Criticism of Fundamental Rights ................................................................................................... 61
Significance of Fundamental Rights .............................................................................................. 61
Rights outside Part III .................................................................................................................... 62
8. Directive Principles of State Policy................................................................................................ 63
Features of the Directive Principles .............................................................................................. 63
Classification of the Directive Principles ....................................................................................... 67
New Directive Principles ............................................................................................................... 67
Sanction Behind Directive Principles ............................................................................................ 67
Criticism of the Directive Principles .............................................................................................. 67
Utility of Directive Principles......................................................................................................... 67
Conflict between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles ................................................... 67
Implementation of Directive Principles ........................................................................................ 68
Directives Outside Part IV ............................................................................................................. 68
9. Fundamental Duties ...................................................................................................................... 68
Swaran Singh Committee Recommendations .............................................................................. 68
List of Fundamental Duties ........................................................................................................... 68
Features of the Fundamental Duties ............................................................................................ 69
Criticism of Fundamental Duties................................................................................................... 69
Significance of Fundamental Duties.............................................................................................. 69
Verma Committee Observations .................................................................................................. 70
Direct PDF - https://telegram.me/UPSC_PrelimsTest
, https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
INSIGHTSIAS OGP 2019 POLITY MCQS MODULE
10. Amendment of the Constitution ................................................................................................. 70
Procedure for Amendment ........................................................................................................... 70
Types of Amendments .................................................................................................................. 70
Criticism of the Amendment Procedure ....................................................................................... 72
Notes and References ................................................................................................................... 72
11. Basic Structure of the Constitution ............................................................................................. 72
Emergence of the Basic Structure................................................................................................. 72
Elements of the Basic Structure .................................................................................................... 72
System of Government ................................................................................................................. 72
12. Parliamentary System ................................................................................................................. 72
Features of Parliamentary Government ....................................................................................... 72
Features of Presidential Government ........................................................................................... 73
Merits of the Parliamentary System ............................................................................................. 73
Demerits of the Parliamentary System ......................................................................................... 73
Reasons for Adopting Parliamentary System ............................................................................... 73
Distinction between Indian and British Models............................................................................ 73
13. Federal System ............................................................................................................................ 73
Federal Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................ 73
Unitary Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................ 73
Critical Evaluation of the Federal System ..................................................................................... 73
14. Centre-State Relations ................................................................................................................ 73
Legislative Relations ...................................................................................................................... 73
Administrative Relations ............................................................................................................... 76
Financial Relations ........................................................................................................................ 78
Trends in Centre-State Relations .................................................................................................. 80
15. Inter-State Relations ................................................................................................................... 80
Inter-state Water Disputes ........................................................................................................... 80
Inter-State Councils....................................................................................................................... 80
Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings .............................................................................. 82
Inter-State Trade and Commerce ................................................................................................. 82
Zonal Councils ............................................................................................................................... 82
16. Emergency Provisions ................................................................................................................. 82
National Emergency ...................................................................................................................... 82
President's Rule............................................................................................................................. 83
Financial Emergency ..................................................................................................................... 84
Criticism of the Emergency Provisions .......................................................................................... 84
Direct PDF - https://telegram.me/UPSC_PrelimsTest
, https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
INSIGHTSIAS OGP 2019 POLITY MCQS MODULE
Central Government ......................................................................................................................... 84
17. President ..................................................................................................................................... 84
Election of the President............................................................................................................... 84
Qualifications, Oath and Conditions ............................................................................................. 85
Term, Impeachment and Vacancy ................................................................................................ 86
Powers and Functions of the President ........................................................................................ 87
Veto Power of the President ......................................................................................................... 91
Ordinance-making Power of the President................................................................................... 92
Pardoning Power of the President ................................................................................................ 92
Constitutional Position of the President ....................................................................................... 92
18. Vice-President ............................................................................................................................. 92
Election.......................................................................................................................................... 93
Qualifications ................................................................................................................................ 94
Oath or Affirmation....................................................................................................................... 94
Conditions of Office ...................................................................................................................... 94
Term of Office ............................................................................................................................... 95
Vacancy in Office........................................................................................................................... 95
Election Disputes........................................................................................................................... 95
Powers and Functions ................................................................................................................... 95
Indian and American Vice-Presidents Compared ......................................................................... 95
Emoluments .................................................................................................................................. 95
19. Prime Minister ............................................................................................................................ 95
Appointment of the Prime Minister ............................................................................................. 95
Oath, Term and Salary .................................................................................................................. 96
Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister ............................................................................... 96
Role Descriptions .......................................................................................................................... 98
Relationship with the President .................................................................................................... 98
Chief Ministers who became Prime Ministers .............................................................................. 98
20. Central Council of Ministers........................................................................................................ 98
Constitutional Provisions .............................................................................................................. 98
Nature of Advice by Ministers ...................................................................................................... 99
Appointment of Ministers............................................................................................................. 99
Oath and Salary of Ministers......................................................................................................... 99
Responsibility of Ministers ............................................................................................................ 99
Composition of the Council of Ministers ...................................................................................... 99
Council of Ministers Vs Cabinet .................................................................................................... 99
Direct PDF - https://telegram.me/UPSC_PrelimsTest
Table of Contents
Constitutional Framework .................................................................................................................... 14
1. Historical Background ................................................................................................................... 14
The Company Rule (1773-1858) ................................................................................................... 14
The Crown Rule (1858-1947) ........................................................................................................ 15
2. Making of the Constitution ........................................................................................................... 21
Demand for a Constituent Assembly ............................................................................................ 21
Composition of the Constituent Assembly ................................................................................... 21
Working of the Constituent Assembly .......................................................................................... 22
Committees of the Constituent Assembly .................................................................................... 22
Enactment of the Constitution ..................................................................................................... 22
Enforcement of the Constitution .................................................................................................. 22
Criticism of the Constituent Assembly .......................................................................................... 23
Important Facts ............................................................................................................................. 23
3. Salient Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................. 23
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 24
Salient Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................. 25
Criticism of the Constitution ......................................................................................................... 34
4. Preamble of the Constitution........................................................................................................ 34
Text of the Preamble..................................................................................................................... 34
Ingredients of the Preamble ......................................................................................................... 34
Key Words in the Preamble .......................................................................................................... 35
Significance of the Preamble ........................................................................................................ 36
Preamble as Part of the Constitution............................................................................................ 36
Amendability of the Preamble ...................................................................................................... 37
5. Union and its Territory .................................................................................................................. 37
Union of States.............................................................................................................................. 37
Parliament's Power to Reorganise the States ............................................................................... 37
Evolution of States and Union Territories..................................................................................... 38
6. Citizenship ..................................................................................................................................... 41
Meaning and Significance ............................................................................................................. 41
Constitutional Provisions .............................................................................................................. 41
Citizenship Act, 1955..................................................................................................................... 41
Single Citizenship .......................................................................................................................... 41
Overseas Citizenship of India ........................................................................................................ 41
, https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
INSIGHTSIAS OGP 2019 POLITY MCQS MODULE
7. Fundamental Rights ...................................................................................................................... 43
Features of Fundamental Rights ................................................................................................... 43
Definition of State ......................................................................................................................... 44
Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights................................................................................. 44
Right to Equality ............................................................................................................................ 44
Right to Freedom .......................................................................................................................... 50
Right against Exploitation ............................................................................................................. 56
Right to Freedom of Religion ........................................................................................................ 56
Cultural and Educational Rights .................................................................................................... 56
Right to Constitutional Remedies ................................................................................................. 57
Writs-Types and Scope.................................................................................................................. 58
Armed Forces and Fundamental Rights ........................................................................................ 60
Martial Law and Fundamental Rights ........................................................................................... 60
Effecting Certain Fundamental Rights .......................................................................................... 60
Present Position of Right to Property ........................................................................................... 60
Exceptions to Fundamental Rights................................................................................................ 60
Criticism of Fundamental Rights ................................................................................................... 61
Significance of Fundamental Rights .............................................................................................. 61
Rights outside Part III .................................................................................................................... 62
8. Directive Principles of State Policy................................................................................................ 63
Features of the Directive Principles .............................................................................................. 63
Classification of the Directive Principles ....................................................................................... 67
New Directive Principles ............................................................................................................... 67
Sanction Behind Directive Principles ............................................................................................ 67
Criticism of the Directive Principles .............................................................................................. 67
Utility of Directive Principles......................................................................................................... 67
Conflict between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles ................................................... 67
Implementation of Directive Principles ........................................................................................ 68
Directives Outside Part IV ............................................................................................................. 68
9. Fundamental Duties ...................................................................................................................... 68
Swaran Singh Committee Recommendations .............................................................................. 68
List of Fundamental Duties ........................................................................................................... 68
Features of the Fundamental Duties ............................................................................................ 69
Criticism of Fundamental Duties................................................................................................... 69
Significance of Fundamental Duties.............................................................................................. 69
Verma Committee Observations .................................................................................................. 70
Direct PDF - https://telegram.me/UPSC_PrelimsTest
, https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
INSIGHTSIAS OGP 2019 POLITY MCQS MODULE
10. Amendment of the Constitution ................................................................................................. 70
Procedure for Amendment ........................................................................................................... 70
Types of Amendments .................................................................................................................. 70
Criticism of the Amendment Procedure ....................................................................................... 72
Notes and References ................................................................................................................... 72
11. Basic Structure of the Constitution ............................................................................................. 72
Emergence of the Basic Structure................................................................................................. 72
Elements of the Basic Structure .................................................................................................... 72
System of Government ................................................................................................................. 72
12. Parliamentary System ................................................................................................................. 72
Features of Parliamentary Government ....................................................................................... 72
Features of Presidential Government ........................................................................................... 73
Merits of the Parliamentary System ............................................................................................. 73
Demerits of the Parliamentary System ......................................................................................... 73
Reasons for Adopting Parliamentary System ............................................................................... 73
Distinction between Indian and British Models............................................................................ 73
13. Federal System ............................................................................................................................ 73
Federal Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................ 73
Unitary Features of the Constitution ............................................................................................ 73
Critical Evaluation of the Federal System ..................................................................................... 73
14. Centre-State Relations ................................................................................................................ 73
Legislative Relations ...................................................................................................................... 73
Administrative Relations ............................................................................................................... 76
Financial Relations ........................................................................................................................ 78
Trends in Centre-State Relations .................................................................................................. 80
15. Inter-State Relations ................................................................................................................... 80
Inter-state Water Disputes ........................................................................................................... 80
Inter-State Councils....................................................................................................................... 80
Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings .............................................................................. 82
Inter-State Trade and Commerce ................................................................................................. 82
Zonal Councils ............................................................................................................................... 82
16. Emergency Provisions ................................................................................................................. 82
National Emergency ...................................................................................................................... 82
President's Rule............................................................................................................................. 83
Financial Emergency ..................................................................................................................... 84
Criticism of the Emergency Provisions .......................................................................................... 84
Direct PDF - https://telegram.me/UPSC_PrelimsTest
, https://telegram.me/UPSC_PDF
INSIGHTSIAS OGP 2019 POLITY MCQS MODULE
Central Government ......................................................................................................................... 84
17. President ..................................................................................................................................... 84
Election of the President............................................................................................................... 84
Qualifications, Oath and Conditions ............................................................................................. 85
Term, Impeachment and Vacancy ................................................................................................ 86
Powers and Functions of the President ........................................................................................ 87
Veto Power of the President ......................................................................................................... 91
Ordinance-making Power of the President................................................................................... 92
Pardoning Power of the President ................................................................................................ 92
Constitutional Position of the President ....................................................................................... 92
18. Vice-President ............................................................................................................................. 92
Election.......................................................................................................................................... 93
Qualifications ................................................................................................................................ 94
Oath or Affirmation....................................................................................................................... 94
Conditions of Office ...................................................................................................................... 94
Term of Office ............................................................................................................................... 95
Vacancy in Office........................................................................................................................... 95
Election Disputes........................................................................................................................... 95
Powers and Functions ................................................................................................................... 95
Indian and American Vice-Presidents Compared ......................................................................... 95
Emoluments .................................................................................................................................. 95
19. Prime Minister ............................................................................................................................ 95
Appointment of the Prime Minister ............................................................................................. 95
Oath, Term and Salary .................................................................................................................. 96
Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister ............................................................................... 96
Role Descriptions .......................................................................................................................... 98
Relationship with the President .................................................................................................... 98
Chief Ministers who became Prime Ministers .............................................................................. 98
20. Central Council of Ministers........................................................................................................ 98
Constitutional Provisions .............................................................................................................. 98
Nature of Advice by Ministers ...................................................................................................... 99
Appointment of Ministers............................................................................................................. 99
Oath and Salary of Ministers......................................................................................................... 99
Responsibility of Ministers ............................................................................................................ 99
Composition of the Council of Ministers ...................................................................................... 99
Council of Ministers Vs Cabinet .................................................................................................... 99
Direct PDF - https://telegram.me/UPSC_PrelimsTest
