PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE
• Drugs that PRODUCE a response?
o Agonist
• Drugs that PREVENT a response?
o Antagonist
• Therapeutic WINDOW is what?
o Level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for
obtaining desired drug response and the minimal toxic concentration
• The time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body
is called?
o Half life
• What is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for
o Accumulation and toxicity
o A decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy which may lead to
the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect tolerance
• What is it called for drugs to share many common features
o Classification or class
• What makes drugs fit into the same “class”
o Related by chemical structure
o Work in the same way
o Used for the same purpose
• Another name for antagonist?
o Adrenergic blocker
• Who do you not give antagonist or adrenergic blocker to?
o Asthma client
• Beta blockers commonly seen in what clients?
o Hypertension
• Antagonist suffix
o LOL
• Antagonist S/S
o Decreased HR
, o Rest and digest
o Bronchospasm
• Agonist S/S
o Increased HR, Fight or flight, Vasoconstriction, Increase blood sugar
• Before administering antagonist what do you check
o HR and BP
• Cholinergic
o Salivate, Lacrimation, Urinate, Defecate, Decreased weight
• Anticholinergic
o Can’t see, pee, spit, poop, and increase HR
• What type of drug is Reglan?
o Cholinergic
• How do you treat cholinergic crisis
o Atropine
• Cholinergic crisis S/S
o Flushing, sweating, nausea, ab cramping
• Anticholinergic drugs are contraindicated in who?
o Coronary artery disease (increase HR)
o GI obstruction (constipation)
o Supraventricular tachycardia (increase HR)
• CNS stimulant drugs are contraindicated in who?
o Coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
o Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)
• Hemorrhagic stroke
o Increase BP
o Increase HR
o Increased RR
o Unresponsive to deep pain
• Anorexiants can lead to what?
o 16x greater risk for stroke
• Most common side effects of Ritalin
o Irritability
o Insomnia
, ▪ Weight loss
▪ Decrease appetite
• Benzodiazepines increase activity to what neurotransmitter (PAM & LAM)
o GABA
• Reversal to benzodiazepines
o Flumazenil
• Ambien side effects
o Sedative/hypnotic
o Suicidal ideation
o Dependence
o Abnormal behavior
• Drug choice for treating status epilepticus
o Diazepam’s
• Dilantin can do what?
o Cause gum disease
o Treat seizures
o Cause high BP
o Cause birth defects
o Decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants
• When a client is on Dilantin what are some nursing interventions?
o Monitor for narrow therapeutic index (freq blood test)
o Take as prescribed
o Oral care
o Teach pt to use barrier contraceptives along with oral
• What is therapeutic level for Depakote?
o 40-100
• If Depakote levels are high (>100) what needs to be done?
o Hold meds
o Check liver function with blood test
o Discuss with DR
o Neuro assessment
o Check vitals
• What does Depakote treat?
o Epilepsy
o Migraine
GUIDE
• Drugs that PRODUCE a response?
o Agonist
• Drugs that PREVENT a response?
o Antagonist
• Therapeutic WINDOW is what?
o Level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for
obtaining desired drug response and the minimal toxic concentration
• The time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body
is called?
o Half life
• What is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for
o Accumulation and toxicity
o A decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy which may lead to
the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect tolerance
• What is it called for drugs to share many common features
o Classification or class
• What makes drugs fit into the same “class”
o Related by chemical structure
o Work in the same way
o Used for the same purpose
• Another name for antagonist?
o Adrenergic blocker
• Who do you not give antagonist or adrenergic blocker to?
o Asthma client
• Beta blockers commonly seen in what clients?
o Hypertension
• Antagonist suffix
o LOL
• Antagonist S/S
o Decreased HR
, o Rest and digest
o Bronchospasm
• Agonist S/S
o Increased HR, Fight or flight, Vasoconstriction, Increase blood sugar
• Before administering antagonist what do you check
o HR and BP
• Cholinergic
o Salivate, Lacrimation, Urinate, Defecate, Decreased weight
• Anticholinergic
o Can’t see, pee, spit, poop, and increase HR
• What type of drug is Reglan?
o Cholinergic
• How do you treat cholinergic crisis
o Atropine
• Cholinergic crisis S/S
o Flushing, sweating, nausea, ab cramping
• Anticholinergic drugs are contraindicated in who?
o Coronary artery disease (increase HR)
o GI obstruction (constipation)
o Supraventricular tachycardia (increase HR)
• CNS stimulant drugs are contraindicated in who?
o Coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
o Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)
• Hemorrhagic stroke
o Increase BP
o Increase HR
o Increased RR
o Unresponsive to deep pain
• Anorexiants can lead to what?
o 16x greater risk for stroke
• Most common side effects of Ritalin
o Irritability
o Insomnia
, ▪ Weight loss
▪ Decrease appetite
• Benzodiazepines increase activity to what neurotransmitter (PAM & LAM)
o GABA
• Reversal to benzodiazepines
o Flumazenil
• Ambien side effects
o Sedative/hypnotic
o Suicidal ideation
o Dependence
o Abnormal behavior
• Drug choice for treating status epilepticus
o Diazepam’s
• Dilantin can do what?
o Cause gum disease
o Treat seizures
o Cause high BP
o Cause birth defects
o Decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants
• When a client is on Dilantin what are some nursing interventions?
o Monitor for narrow therapeutic index (freq blood test)
o Take as prescribed
o Oral care
o Teach pt to use barrier contraceptives along with oral
• What is therapeutic level for Depakote?
o 40-100
• If Depakote levels are high (>100) what needs to be done?
o Hold meds
o Check liver function with blood test
o Discuss with DR
o Neuro assessment
o Check vitals
• What does Depakote treat?
o Epilepsy
o Migraine
