TNCC, Chapter 15 Surface and Burn Trauma 100% correct questions and answers 2023

Abrasion - ANSWERS partial or full-thickness wound that denudes the skin Avulsion - ANSWERS full-thickness wounds caused by a tearing or ripping of skin and soft-tissue; wound edges not well approximated contusion - ANSWERS closed wound in which a ruptured blood vessel or capillary bed hemorrhages into surrounding tissue hematoma - ANSWERS contusion in which blood leaks under the skin surface and often forms a palpable mass laceration - ANSWERS open wound from shearing forces through the dermis and epidermis with potential involvement of underlying structures such as muscles, tendons, ligaments puncture - ANSWERS caused by direct perpendicular penetration of objects into tissues first intervention for frostbite - ANSWERS quickly rewarm at 40 - 42 C (104 - 107.6 F), confirming that affected area can be thawed and not refreeze; avoid friction/rubbing second intervention for frostbite - ANSWERS pain medication third intervention for frostbite - ANSWERS extract fluid in clear blisters; leave blood blisters intact fourth intervention for frostbite - ANSWERS protect from further injury -- splint extremities fifth intervention for frostbite - ANSWERS ASA or NSAIDS to prevent thrombus formation signs of burns to airway - ANSWERS hoarse voice carbonaceous sputum burns around nose or mouth stridor criteria for transfer to burn center for partial thickness burns - ANSWERS 10% of TBSA body parts that indicate transfer to burn center - ANSWERS face, hands, feet, genitalia, perimeum, major joints age indication for transfer to burn center - ANSWERS child other indications for transfer to burn center - ANSWERS 3rd degree burns electrical/lightning chemical inhalation concomitant trauma preexisting complicating disorders complications associated with electrical burns - ANSWERS cardiac dysrhythmias rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria fractures seizures cause of cardiac dysrhythmias in burn victims - ANSWERS cell damage increases circulating K+ which can cause T wave changes potential complication with rhabdomylysis - ANSWERS acute kidney injury and renal failure from excretion of large amounts of myoglobin importance of temperature regulation with burns - ANSWERS protective skin barrier is lost leading to difficulty maintaining temp fluid resuscitation for thermal burns 20% TBSA - ANSWERS LR @ 2 mL/kg/percentage of TBSA; first half within 8 hours of the burn injury; remainder over the next 16 hours fluid resuscitation for electrical burns - ANSWERS may require increased fluid requirements (also for pediatrics, inhalation burns, and intoxicated) Urinary output monitoring for adult burn patients - ANSWERS 0.5ml/kg/hour (or about 30 -50 ml/hour) Urinary output monitoring for children weighing less than 40 kg (88 lbs) - ANSWERS 1 ml/kg/hour