4ACT Vet Assistant Certification Study Guide (Graded A)

Cranial - Answer- toward the front or head of the animal caudal - Answer- toward the back or tail of the animal anterior - Answer- directed toward the front posterior - Answer- directed toward the back medial - Answer- towards the middle lateral - Answer- directed toward the outside of the animal (away from midline) dorsal - Answer- directed toward the back ventral - Answer- directed toward the underside or belly proximal - Answer- closer to the origin (can be used during a procedure- it will bring us closer to cut or wound) distal - Answer- away from the origin (ex. during a procedure- it will position us away from cut or wound) canine - Answer- dog feline - Answer- cat equine - Answer- horse porcine - Answer- pig bovine - Answer- cow ovine - Answer- sheep caprine - Answer- goat avian - Answer- bird the front of an animal is referred to as? - Answer- rior ior l l the term that refers to the middle or midline is? - Answer- a. caudal al c. medial d. dorsal the directional term "caudal" indicates what when referring to a pet's anatomy? - Answer- ds the front or head of the animal ted towards the underside of the animal c. toward the back or tail of the animal cted towatds the middle of the anumal when asked to place an animal in a "lateral recumbent position", you should place it in - Answer- a. on its back, lying down b. on it side, away from the midline c. with its backside up d. facing you brady - Answer- slow heartbeat (bradycardia) tachy - Answer- fast heartbeat (tachycardia) epi - Answer- upon (epidermis- skin layer that lies upon the dermis) peri - Answer- surrounding (pericardium- tissue surrounding the heart) trans - Answer- across (transtracheal- across the trachea) hyper - Answer- excessive (hypertension- high blood pressure) hypo - Answer- under/beneath (hypothyroid- low or decreased thyroid function) micro - Answer- small (microscope- instrument used to vieww very small objects) macro - Answer- large (macrocyte- large cell found in the bloodstream) mono - Answer- one (monocular- instrument with one eyepiece) uni - Answer- one (unilateral- only on one side) poly - Answer- many (polycystic- many sacs or bladder like pockets) neo - Answer- new (neoplasia- new growth, such as in the the case with cancer) pre - Answer- before (preoperative- period prior to the operation) post - Answer- after (postoperative- period after the operation) sub - Answer- below (subcutaneous- located or placed just beneath the skin) ecto - Answer- outside (ectoparasites- parasites found outside of the body) a prefix is a word element that is attached to the of a word. - Answer- a. back b. front c. middle d. both b and c are correct hyperthermic refers to? - Answer- a. above normal temperature b. below normal temperature c. around normal temperature d. at normal temperature the prefix "brady" means the opposite of which other prefix? - Answer- a. peri b. tachy c. epi d. hyper if a vetirinarian asked you to give a pet a "subcutaneous injection", where would you place the needle? - Answer- a. in the leg b. under the muscle c. in the jugular vein d. under the skin esophag/o - Answer- esophagus (esophagitis- inflamation od the esophagus) gastr/o - Answer- stomach (gastroenteritis- inflammation of the stomach and intesstines) enter/o - Answer- intestines( enterotomy- surgically cut into the intestine) hepat/o - Answer- liver (hepatitis- inflammation of the liver) chol/e - Answer- gallbladder (cholitis- inflammation of the gallbladder) dent/o - Answer- teeth (dental- pertaining to the teeth) gingiv/o - Answer- gums (gingivectomy- to surgically remove portion of the gums) duoden/o - Answer- duodenum; beginning protion of the intestine (gastroduodenal- pertaining to the stomach and duodenum) pancreat/o - Answer- pancreas (pancreatitis- onflammation of the pancreas) cyt/o - Answer- cells (cytology- study of cells) cardio/o - Answer- heart (cardiology- study of heart) hemat/o - Answer- blood (hematology- study of the blood) arteri/o - Answer- artery (arterial- pertaining to an artery) splen/o - Answer- spleen (splenectomony- surgically remove the spleen) my/o - Answer- muscle (myocardia- muscular tissues of the heart) Condr/o - Answer- cartilage (condritis- inflammation of the cartilage) crani/o - Answer- head (cranial- relating to skull or cranium) Arthr/o - Answer- joint arthroscope - Answer- an instrument used to view inside a joint arthrocentesis - Answer- removal of fluid from a joint Orth/o - Answer- correct/ straighten orthopedic surgeon - Answer- surgeon who fizxes broken bones oste/o - Answer- bone osteotomy - Answer- to cut bone cervic/o - Answer- neck cervical - Answer- referring to the neck thorac/o - Answer- chest thoracentesis - Answer- removal of fluid from the chest trache/o - Answer- windpipe tracheotomy - Answer- ro cut the windpipe or trachea pulmon/o - Answer- lungs pulmonary exam - Answer- an exam for the lungs pneum/o - Answer- air/lungs pneumonia - Answer- inflammation of the lungs bronch/o - Answer- bronchus bronchopneumonia - Answer- a pneumonia involving the bronchi and lungs cerebr/o - Answer- cerebrum cerebral - Answer- referring to the cerebrum of the brain encephal/o - Answer- brain encephalitis - Answer- inflammation of the brain neur/o - Answer- nerve neurologic - Answer- pertaining to the nervous system rhin/o - Answer- nose rhinitis - Answer- inflammation of the nose dermat/o - Answer- skin dermatitis - Answer- inflammation of the skin ophthalm/o - Answer- eye ophthalmic - Answer- pertaining to the eyes ot/o - Answer- ear otoscope - Answer- an instrument used to see in the ear nephr/o - Answer- kidneys nephrology - Answer- the study of the kidneys cyst/o - Answer- urinary bladder cystitis - Answer- inflammation of the urinary bladder