WGU C165 Integrated Physical Sciences 2023

WGU C165 Integrated Physical Sciences 2023 Physics Ans-The study of forces, energy, motion Chemistry Ans-The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form substances Earth science Ans-The study of the Earth's structure and composition, and processes that change Earth essential attributes of science Ans-Studies the natural world Uses testable ideas Relies on data from observations/experiments Presented for evaluation by other scientists Leads to further questions/research variables Ans-The changing quantities in an experiment independent variable Ans-What you change in an experiment on purpose dependent variable Ans-The variable that changes because of an independent variable control variable Ans-The variable(s) you don't want to study, need to be either eliminated or kept constant observational study Ans-When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do not attempt to change them physical model Ans-A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system conceptual model Ans-A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms mathematical model Ans-A model that treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical methods computer model Ans-A detailed, complex model calculated by a computer principle of falsification Ans-Principle that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry hypothesis Ans-A testable statement about how something in nature works law Ans-A concise statement that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments, describes a widespread pattern in nature (what) theory Ans-A statement that explains a wide range of observations, supported by a large body of scientific evidence (how/why) meter Ans-Base unit of length kilogram Ans-Base unit of mass second Ans-Base unit of time kelvin Ans-Base unit of temperature Derived units Ans-What is produced when the base units/quantities are combined Speed Ans-The name for the distance traveled divided by an interval of time Volume Ans-Term for the amount of space an object occupies Liquid displacement Ans-Method of determining the volume of an object by measuring the amount of liquid it displaces direct relationship Ans-A relationship between two variables where increasing one increases the other, and vice versa inverse relationship Ans-A relationship between two variables where increasing one decreases the other, and vice versa Velocity Ans-A combination of speed and direction Acceleration Ans-Term for any change in an object's speed and/or direction Force Ans-Term for a push or a pull with direction and magnitude. You may not feel it. Net force Ans-The sum of all forces acting on an object balanced forces Ans-Term for forces that combine to produce a net force of 0 Newton's first law Ans-An object in motion remains in motion unless acted on by a net force inertia Ans-The tenancy to keep the same motion/velocity or remain at rest. Newton's first law Newton's second law Ans-Net force = mass x acceleration (F = ma) Newton's third law Ans-When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude in the opposite direction on the first object ("For every action, an equal and opposite reaction") friction Ans-The force that opposes the motion of an object on which it acts Kinetic friction Ans-Friction between two objects moving against each other Static friction Ans-Friction between two objects touching but not moving against each other Fluid resistance Ans-Friction when an object moves through a gas or liquid Gravity Ans-Attractive force between objects directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their distance Linear momentum Ans-Name for the mass of an object times its velocity Law of conservation of momentum Ans-Term for the fact that momentum is conserved when two or more objects collide elasticity Ans-The amount of bounce an object has after a collision Elastic collision Ans-A collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved Inelastic collision Ans-A collision in which the total kinetic energy is not conserved Work Ans-Term for the displacement of an object in the direction of an applied force by using/converting energy Energy Ans-The capacity to do work or cause change Kinetic energy Ans-The energy objects have because they are moving. Increases with mass and velocity potential energy Ans-Energy that is stored Formula for work Ans-work = force x displacement gravitational potential energy Ans-Energy an object has due to its height above the ground. Increases with mass and height. chemical potential energy Ans-Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in a substance elastic potential energy Ans-Energy stored in stretched springs, rubber bands, etc. electromagnetic energy Ans-Energy carried by electromagnetic waves. Light energy. thermal energy Ans-Energy from the motion of atoms and molecules. Depends on mass and temperature Law of conservation of energy Ans-Term for the fact that energy cannot be created/destroyed, only transferred/converted oscillation Ans-A repetitive motion that occurs around a center point or equilibrium equilibrium Ans-A position or state to which an oscillating object eventually returns to wave Ans-A repeating and periodic disturbance (oscillation) that travels from one point to another, transferring energy mechanical waves Ans-Type of waves that require a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, cannot travel through a vaccuum transverse wave Ans-Wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling longitudinal wave Ans-Wave where the oscillation occurs along the direction the wave is traveling electromagnetic waves Ans-Waves with both an electric and magnetic component. Can only be transverse waves and can travel through a vaccuum compression Ans-Region of longitudinal wave where particles are close together expansion Ans-Region of longitudinal wave where particles are far apart (aka rarefaction) crest Ans-The highest point in a wave above equilibrium trough Ans-The lowest point in a wave under equilibrium amplitude Ans-The distance between a wave's equilibrium and crest/trough in a transverse wave, or how compressed/expanded the medium becomes in a longitudinal wave wavelength Ans-The horizontal distance after which the wave repeats period Ans-The amount of time needed for one full oscillation/one wave to pass frequency Ans-Number of wave oscillations in a given period of time sound wave Ans-A disturbance we can hear that moves through a medium away from the source Matter Ans-Anything that takes up space and has mass Atom Ans-The basic building block of matter valence electrons Ans-The electrons in the outer most shell of an ato