CMS/SMS/WHMS 2022 Final Exam (1-4) (Latest 2022;2023)

The Ovum is viable for how many hours? 24hrs in fallopian tube When is the embryo most vulnerable? During embryonic period (3-8wks) can lead to major structural abnormalities The fetus responds to startling sounds during what week? week 24-28, lungs also fill with amniotic fluid What are the functions of the amniotic fluid? cushions fetus, temperature control, growth, prevents amniotic band syndrome, prevents umbilical cord compression What are the functions of the placenta Endocrine gland - (hCG - prevent corpus luteum breakdown and make more E/P), Estrogen, Progestogen Metabolic and respiratory exchange with mom Immune system - protects from pathogens, prevent rejection, can let through viruses how is oxygen exchange from mom to baby modulated? modulated by chorionic villi, released in the intervillus space Identify the 3 shunts of the fetal heart and their purposes. 1st shunt - ductus venosus (bypasses liver, umbilical vient to the IVC) 2nd shunt - foramen ovale (bypasses lungs, R atrium to the L atrium) 3rd shunt - ductus arteriosus(bypasses L side of heart, connects pulmonary artery to aorta) What are reasons for folic acid and what amount? Decrease risk for neural tube defects, .4mg daily What are foods high in folic acid? leafy greens/veggies, beans, avocados, citrus What is the recommended birth spacing? conception should occur no less than 18 months after birth of last baby What is GTPAL G- gravida- # pregnancies T - term - # of deliveries at term 37wks P - preterm - # of deliveries (live or dead) Abortions - # of spontaneous or elective - before 20wks L - # living Nageles Rule 1st day of last period