NRNP 6635 MID-TERM STUDY GUIDE 100% Verified

 Functions of Brain Regions The brainstem and the thalamic reticular activating system provide arousal and set up attention; the posterior cortex integrates perceptions and generates language; and, at the highest level, the frontal cortex generates programs and executes plans like an orchestra conductor o Cerebrum - Higher cognitive functions such as judgment, imagination, perception, thought and decision-making  cerebral cortex is especially important for personality and intelligence  two symmetrical hemispheres that each play slightly different roles regarding speech, language learning, and vision o Cerebellum - voluntary motor movements, balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone  Damage to the cerebellum can result in loss of motor control, weak muscles, abnormal eye movements, slurred speech, and staggering o Diencephalon - thalamus and the hypothalamus  Hypothalamus – control of appetite, temperature, blood pressure, perspiration and sexual drive  relay point between subcortical areas of the brain and the cerebral cortex  Autonomic nervous system “fight or flight”  relays information about the auditory, visceral, visual, somatic and gustatory systems  control of immune responses, blood pressure, digestion, and body temperature o Brainstem - main junction between the brain and the rest of the body  brain joins with the spinal cord to send and receive information from every inch of our bodies  breathing, heart rate, digestion, and our body’s natural rhythms  includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain  Pathophysiology neurotransmitter involvement with mental health disorders o Serotonin -  involved in the regulation of various activities (e.g. behavior, mood, and memory, sleep, and appetite, encouragement of socialization)  has some influences on learning, memory, and other cognitive abilities  primary treatment target for many psychiatric and neurological disorders (e.g. major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, aggressive behavior, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, panic disorders, social phobia, bipolar disorder, atypical depression, and migraine o Dopamine –  Too much – positive symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosis  Too little – Parkinson’s dise