Data base mangement system

What is Database
The database is a collection of inter-related data which is used to retrieve, insert and delete
the data efficiently. It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, schema,
views, and reports, etc

For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin, staff, students and
faculty etc.

Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the information.

Database Management System
 Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database.
For example: MySQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial database which is
used in different applications.
 DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation,
storing data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more.
 It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it
also maintains data consistency.

DBMS allows users the following tasks:

 Data Definition: It is used for creation, modification, and removal of definition that
defines the organization of data in the database.
 Data Updation: It is used for the insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual
data in the database.
 Data Retrieval: It is used to retrieve the data from the database which can be used
by applications for various purposes.
 User Administration: It is used for registering and monitoring users, maintain data
integrity, enforcing data security, dealing with concurrency control, monitoring
performance and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.

Characteristics of DBMS
 It uses a digital repository established on a server to store and manage the
information.
 It can provide a clear and logical view of the process that manipulates data.
 DBMS contains automatic backup and recovery procedures.
 It contains ACID properties which maintain data in a healthy state in case of failure.
 It can reduce the complex relationship between data.
 It is used to support manipulation and processing of data.

,  It is used to provide security of data.
 It can view the database from different viewpoints according to the requirements of
the user.

Advantages of DBMS
 Controls database redundancy: It can control data redundancy because it stores all
the data in one single database file and that recorded data is placed in the database.
 Data sharing: In DBMS, the authorized users of an organization can share the data
among multiple users.
 Easily Maintenance: It can be easily maintainable due to the centralized nature of
the database system.
 Reduce time: It reduces development time and maintenance need.
 Backup: It provides backup and recovery subsystems which create automatic backup
of data from hardware and software failures and restores the data if required.
 multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like graphical
user interfaces, application program interfaces




Disadvantages of DBMS
 Cost of Hardware and Software: It requires a high speed of data processor and large
memory size to run DBMS software.
 Size: It occupies a large space of disks and large memory to run them efficiently.
 Complexity: Database system creates additional complexity and requirements.
 Higher impact of failure: Failure is highly impacted the database because in most of
the organization, all the data stored in a single database and if the database is
damaged due to electric failure or database corruption then the data may be lost
forever.