Med Surg ATI Retake

Med Surg ATI Retake Retinal Detachment Ans- Curtain over visual field with occasional flashes of light Cataracts Ans- Cloudy/Blurry 3 NSAIDS that increase the risk of bleeding Ans- Naproxen, Ibuprofen, and Aspirin Thrombocytopenia Ans- Low platelet level in blood Pt at risk for bleeding due to delayed clotting Nurse should measure abdominal girth daily for signs of internal bleeding NO ENEMA Check IV site every 2 hrs Require 2L (2,000 ml) of fluid per day What are platelets also known as? Ans- Thrombocytes Response to phantom pain Ans- "This type of pain usually decreases over time as the limb becomes less sensitive" During chest tube removal Ans- Use vagal maneuver "bear down" Use occlusive dressing Sickle Cell Crisis Ans- When RBC's clump together and block small blood vessels Encourage fluids Can give pt opioids Graves Disease Ans- Overproduction of thyroid hormone Expected Findings: difficulty sleeping diarrhea HEAT INTOLERANCE INCREASED APPETITE Thyroid Strom Ans- Can occur with Graves Disease (Overproduction of thyroid hormone) REPORT HYPERTENSION Other things to monitor for: tachycardia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, N/V, restlessness, confusion, possible seizures Hemaglobin Normal Range Ans- 12-18 When pt has a hypertensive crisis the nurse should FIRST Ans- Elevate HOB Normal aPTT Ans- 30-40 sec If pt is taking Heparin.... 60-80 sec Alzheimer's disease Ans- Add gestures when speaking Ask yes or no questions 2 visitors at a time Use same words - don't change up words genital herpes Ans- Apply warm compress to lesions to relieve discomfort NO Sexual activity 3 to 4 sitz baths daily EEG (electroencephalogram) Ans- To detect seizures Shampoo hair prior to EEG Instruct client to be sleep deprived - wake up super early day of Occipital Ans- Back of skull Pernicious Anemia Ans- Not enough RBCs Tx: Vitamin B 12 Prevention of breast cancer Ans- Mammograms starting at age 40 - can get them every 3 years Dumping Syndrome Ans- Eat meals HIGH IN PROTEIN and FAT Avoid Fluids Lie down after meals Avoid simple carbs like sugar Foods high in cholesterol Ans- shrimp, cheese, eggs, liver Post Op Below the Knee Amputation Ans- Place pt on firm mattress Assist pt into prone position for 20-30 min every 3 to 4 hrs daily Rewrap the residual limb with a bandage 3 times per day Fluid Volume Overload Expected Findings Ans- Jugular Vein Distension Crackles Increased Heat Rate Lab finding that shows HIV therapy is effective Ans- Decreased viral load Expected finding for a pt who is pregnant Ans- Elevated Montgomery's Gland Tube Feeding Ans- HOB 30 degrees at least (Semi-Fowlers) Feeding bag should be changed every 24 hrs Pt can lay on side - just not on feeding tube LASIK surgery Ans- Can take up to 4 weeks to have complete healing/optimal vision Pt might need glasses after Polycythermia Ans- Increase in RBC's Addison's disease "Adrenal Insufficiency" Ans- occurs when the adrenal glands (located above kidneys) do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone Disease can cause hyperkalemia Pt should receive Hydrocortisone (to replace cortisol) If patient reports itching with a fiberglass cast Ans- NO HEAT Use a hair dryer on a cool setting to blow air into the cast/or use an empty 60 ml plunger syringe *Cast bivalving is used to relieve pressure when cast is too tight Most common assessment finding with acute myocardial infarction Ans- Substernal chest pain Other manifestations: dyspnea, pain the shoulder and left arm and palpitations Pt has Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Ans- Tx: Prednisone Monitor for infection (fever, sore throat) Myopathy (muscle weakness) Hyperglycemia Weight gain AVOID CONTACT WITH PEOPLE WHO ARE ILL Tension Pneumothorax "Collapsed Lung" Ans- A life-threatening condition that develops when air is trapped in the pleural cavity under positive pressure indication of tension pneumothorax Ans- Tracheal Deviation (occurs when your trachea is pushed to one side of your neck by abnormal pressure in your chest cavity or neck) Pt should do what before activity when they have osteoarthritis? Ans- Heat before activity Hyperglycemia Manifestations Ans- DRY polydipsia (excessive thirst) Polyuria (increase urination) Pt with multiple sclerosis asks about the usual cause of MS Ans- Nurse should respond "Acute episodes are usually followed by remissions, which can vary in duration" Active Tuberculosis Manifestations Ans- Night Sweats Fever Coughing Anorexia Fatigue Weight loss Neutropenia Ans- a decreased number of neutrophils Pt is IMMUNOCOMPROMISED If chest tube becomes disconnected from the chest drainage