Zoe Fletcher TMA 04 H7683706
EMTMA 04 Part 1: Essay Plan
Main Points: Evidence/ Examples: References:
Paragraph 1: Evaluate the claim that children Children’s right policies- UNCRC
Introduction and young people people have (1989)
the right and competence for
political action and decision- Social development theories and
making. historical views.
Draw on research and examples
from childhood studies and Cognitive development- Jean
developmental psychology. Piaget (1896-1980) plus
Use those examples to make a criticisms.
valid argument, weighing up the
evidence for and against to give a Moral development- Lawrence
knowledgeable answer to the Kohlberg’s (1981) plus criticisms.
essay question.
Paragraph 2: Childhood around the world is Article 12- Children have the The Open University (2020)
Children’s rights experienced in different ways right and agency to be involved
and often seen as socially in decisions about them.
constructed. However, The
UNCRC (1989) advocate for 3 P’s Montgomery (2020, p18)
children’s rights and agency -Provision
amongst almost all (barring two) - Protection
countries in the world. -Participation
If the support children’s agency,
then they support the right of
children to have their voices
heard about causes that affect
1
, Zoe Fletcher TMA 04 H7683706
them.
Paragraph 3: Historically, adolescence had Social development- Stanley Hall Dillon (2020, p299)
Historical views and Social been viewed as a turbulent time (1904) views.
Development for teens based on Stanley Hall’s -Albert Bandura (1964) counter Dillon (2020, p301)
(1904) ‘storm and stress views.
comments. This is however
debatable.
Erik Erikson (1968) expressed his -Erik Erikson (1968) psychosocial
stage theory and identity crisis. Dillon (2020, p312)
views about the identity crisis
and how this and parenting
styles and relationships can
impact children’s autonomy.
Paragraph 4: Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Adolescents progress through Dillon (2020, p303)
Cognitive Development suggested that adolescents can the fourth stage of cognitive
make reasonable decisions about development called ‘the formal
abstract problems based on his operational stage’.
stage theory for cognitive
development. Schaffer (1973) ‘Third eye Dillon (2020, p305)
Further research by Schaffer problem’ based on 9- and 11-
(1973) supported Piaget’s theory year-olds supports the stage
on the ability for adolescents to theory.
make reasonable decisions. Dillon (2020, p306)
Criticisms of Piaget’s theory.
Paragraph 5: Lawrence Kohlberg’s (1981) Kohlberg’s (1981) stage theory of Dillon (2020, p307-308)
Moral Development stage theory of morality shows morality- Most adults and
that adolescents can make sound adolescents’ function at level 2.
judgements between right and
wrong based on what they think Kohlberg’s (1981) moral dilemma
case study. Dillon (2020, p309)
2
EMTMA 04 Part 1: Essay Plan
Main Points: Evidence/ Examples: References:
Paragraph 1: Evaluate the claim that children Children’s right policies- UNCRC
Introduction and young people people have (1989)
the right and competence for
political action and decision- Social development theories and
making. historical views.
Draw on research and examples
from childhood studies and Cognitive development- Jean
developmental psychology. Piaget (1896-1980) plus
Use those examples to make a criticisms.
valid argument, weighing up the
evidence for and against to give a Moral development- Lawrence
knowledgeable answer to the Kohlberg’s (1981) plus criticisms.
essay question.
Paragraph 2: Childhood around the world is Article 12- Children have the The Open University (2020)
Children’s rights experienced in different ways right and agency to be involved
and often seen as socially in decisions about them.
constructed. However, The
UNCRC (1989) advocate for 3 P’s Montgomery (2020, p18)
children’s rights and agency -Provision
amongst almost all (barring two) - Protection
countries in the world. -Participation
If the support children’s agency,
then they support the right of
children to have their voices
heard about causes that affect
1
, Zoe Fletcher TMA 04 H7683706
them.
Paragraph 3: Historically, adolescence had Social development- Stanley Hall Dillon (2020, p299)
Historical views and Social been viewed as a turbulent time (1904) views.
Development for teens based on Stanley Hall’s -Albert Bandura (1964) counter Dillon (2020, p301)
(1904) ‘storm and stress views.
comments. This is however
debatable.
Erik Erikson (1968) expressed his -Erik Erikson (1968) psychosocial
stage theory and identity crisis. Dillon (2020, p312)
views about the identity crisis
and how this and parenting
styles and relationships can
impact children’s autonomy.
Paragraph 4: Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Adolescents progress through Dillon (2020, p303)
Cognitive Development suggested that adolescents can the fourth stage of cognitive
make reasonable decisions about development called ‘the formal
abstract problems based on his operational stage’.
stage theory for cognitive
development. Schaffer (1973) ‘Third eye Dillon (2020, p305)
Further research by Schaffer problem’ based on 9- and 11-
(1973) supported Piaget’s theory year-olds supports the stage
on the ability for adolescents to theory.
make reasonable decisions. Dillon (2020, p306)
Criticisms of Piaget’s theory.
Paragraph 5: Lawrence Kohlberg’s (1981) Kohlberg’s (1981) stage theory of Dillon (2020, p307-308)
Moral Development stage theory of morality shows morality- Most adults and
that adolescents can make sound adolescents’ function at level 2.
judgements between right and
wrong based on what they think Kohlberg’s (1981) moral dilemma
case study. Dillon (2020, p309)
2
