PUBH 6127 FINAL EXAM: ESSAY AND SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS GRADED A+

PUBH 6127 FINAL EXAM: ESSAY AND SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS GRADED A+. What is the social determinants of health? Describe the types of SDH? Definition: Determinants of health are factors that contribute to a person’s current state of health. These could be biological factors, psychological factors, behavioral factors, and social factors. Social determinants of health are social conditions into which people are born and that affect their daily lives and overall well being as they move through the various stages of life. Social determinants include factors that may have led to an individual’s disadvantaged state to begin with- institutional racism, exposure to crime and violence, a lack of available community-based resources, and many other factors that can all be healthharming. Types: - Access to high-quality educational opportunities Individuals with access to consistent, high-quality educational opportunities are more likely to obtain higher-income jobs. With low-quality education, low paying options will be availed which might not offer health insurance as a jib benefit making it difficult for individuals to access routine and specialty physician services. Educational attainment and corresponding income levels tend to be strong predictors of individual and population health. - Access to medical care services Individuals who do not live close to medical care providers are less likely to see a physician regularly and will often seek care only in emergencies,eschewing to preventing care ultimately leading toa decreases quality of life. - Access to social media and other technologies The internet and cell phones are becoming increasingly useful in individual and population health, from reminders of appointments to learning about symptoms of diseases and to buying of insurance through state exchanges under ACA. - Availability of community-based resources and opportunities for recreational activities Community-based resources can connect residents to local health providers and recreational/ physical activities increasing the likelihood of people leading healthier lives overall - Availability of resources tp meet daily needs Individuals living in food deserts are more likely to consume fast foods or other relatively unhealthier options contributing to a poor diet and high levels of obesity and other dietrelated diseases like diabetes and heart disease - culture While traditions can have important positive effects in treating illness, cultural norms can also impact health in unseen ways. - language/ literacy If adequate translation and interpretation services are not in place in health care facilities, foreign-language speaking patients may be discouraged from seeking care. - Public safety Individuals who live in dangerous neighborhoods tend to remain indoors, which closes off opportunities for exercise and social interaction. People who have less access to public transportation will miss doctors’ appointments. Also, alcohol, drugs, violence, and adverse health outcomes are more relevant in unsafe neighborhoods. - Residential segregation