ESTHETICIAN STATE BOARD WRITTEN STUDY GUIDE (TEXAS) ~Sanitation, Disinfection, and Safety~

ESTHETICIAN STATE BOARD WRITTEN STUDY GUIDE (TEXAS) Sanitation, Disinfection, and Safety Federal agencies Ans- Set guidelines for the manufacturing, sale, and use of equipment and chemical ingredients along with safety in the work place. OSHA Ans- Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Occupational Safety and Health Act was passed by Congress to encourage job safety (hazards of materials, mixing, disposing, storing ) created as a part of the U.S. Department of Labor to regualte and enforce saftely and health standards to protect employees in the workplace ~ page 75 Milady~ EPA Ans- Environmental Protection Agency - registers all type of disinfectants sold and used in the US. Disinfectants Ans- Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi and viruses (but not spores) on the surfaces. Tuberculocidal and hospital strength Ans- Two strengths of disinfectants used in salons and spas. Hospital disinfectants Ans- Effective for cleaning blood and bodily fluids. Can be used on nonporous surfaces (non absorbing) Tuberculocidal disinfectants Ans- Proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Much more powerful but can be harmful to salon, spa and estetic tools (require special methods of disposal) MSDS Ans- Material Safety Data SheetBoth Federal and state laws require that manufacturers supply a MSDS for all products sold. It contains information compiled by the manufacturer about the product safety including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling, and use of procedures, precautions tp reduce the risk of accidental harm or over exposure and flammability warnings. MSDS also provides useful disposal guidelines and medical and first aide information. OSHA and state regulatory agenices require that MSDS be kept available in the salon or spa ore medical office at all times. Nonporous Ans- Items that are made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids. State agencies Ans- Regulate licensing, enforcement, and conduct when working in a salon, spa or medical facility. State regulatory agencies exist to protect salon and spa professionals and protect consumers' health and safety and welfare while they receive salon and spa services. They include licensing agencies, state boards of cosmetology, commissions, and health departments. Agencies Laws Ans- Written by both federal & state legislatures, determine the scope of practice and establish guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules. Rules & Regulations Ans- More specific than laws. These are written by the regulatory agency or the state board, and they determine how the law must be applied. Infection Ans- When body tissues are invaded by pathogenic bacteria infection control Ans- The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms. Infectious Disease Ans- Caused by pathogenic (harmful) organisms that enter the body. It may or may not spread from one person to another person. Clean Ans- Mechanical form (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent to remove all visible dirt and invisible dirt that may interfere with disinfection. cleaning is required before disinfecting Sanitizing Ans- Reducing pathogens on a surface to safe levels. (Reduces disease causing germs on clean surfaces) Disinfection Ans- Using a chemical that kills most microorganisms on hard, non-porous surfaces. Bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites Ans- Four categories of potentially infectious microorganisms that are important in the practice of cosmetology? Bacteria Ans- Are one-celled micro-organisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. It can exist almost anywhere: on skin, in water, in the air, in decayed matter on environmental services, in body secretions, on clothing, or on and under free edge of nails. They are so small they can only be seen with the microscope. Pathogenic Ans- Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body. Classifications of Pathogenic Bacteria are ---- Ans- Cocci, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Diplococci (these are all round shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups) *Cocci* rarely show active motility which means self movement- They are transmitted in the dust or within a substance in which they settle. Bacilli - short rod shaped and Spirilla - spiral or corkscrewed shaped both capable of movement and use slender hair like extensions *flagella for moving about. Cocci Ans- Are transmitted in the air, in dust, or within the substance in which they settle. Streptococci Ans- Pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines, resembels chain of beads. They cause infections such as strep thraot and blood poisining Staphylococci Ans- Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters similar to grapes; is responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. Diplococci Ans- Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia. Bacilli Ans- Bacteria that causes tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria. Cilia Ans- Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion Spirilla Ans- Spiral shaped bacteria Non-Pathogenic bacteria Ans- Helps the body break down food, protects against infection, and stimulates the immune system. Inflammation Ans- Condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling. Pus Ans- Fluid created by an infection local infection Ans- An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. MRSA Ans- ethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus- a type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics. Contagious Disease Ans- Also known as communicable disease - Is when a disease spreads from one person to another. examples are- common cold, ringworm, pink eye, viral infections, nail or toe infections. They are mostly spread through dirty hands (under the nails) They can also be spread through contaminated implements cuts, infected nails, open sores, pus, mouth and nose discharge, shared drinking cups, telephone receivers and towels. Virus Ans- A parasite submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. Capable of replication only through taking over the host cells reproductive function Bloodborne Pathogens Ans- Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV hepatitis Ans- A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Ans- Abbreviated HIV; a pathogen that is most often the precursor to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). By impairing or killing the immune system affected with it, HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections or certain cancers. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Ans- Abbreviated AIDS is a disease thats breaks down the body's immune system. It is spread from one person to another through blood and less often body secretions such as semen and vaginal secretions. Fungi Ans- Microscopic plant parasites that include molds, mildews and yeast. Parasites Ans- live in or on other plants or animals but usually do not kill them directly Mildew Ans- A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but doe not cause human infections in the salon. Germs Ans- Disease producing organisms Spores Ans- reproductive structures; very small; very resistant Asymptomatic Ans- Showing no symptoms or signs of infection Immunity Ans- The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection Natural immunity Ans- Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. Acquired immunity Ans- Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease through inoculation (like flu vaccines) or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander and ragweed. Decontamination Ans- The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an items surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair and skin. Decontamination Method 1 Ans- Cleaning and then disinfecting with an appropriate EPA-registered disinfectant. Three Ways to clean tools or implements Ans- 1- Washing with soap and warm water, then scrubbing them with a clean and properly disinfected nail brush 2-Using an ultrasonic unit 3-Using a clean solvent Decontamination Method 2 Ans- Cleaning AND sterilizingSterilization Ans- The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores. Autoclave Ans- High pressure steam equipment QUATS Ans- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. Type of disinfectant that are very effective when used properly in a spa. Sodium Hypochlorite Ans- Household Bleach chelating soaps Ans- Also known as chelating detergents; detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. Goggles and Gloves Ans- What should you be wearing when disinfecting implements. Personal Protective Equipment Ans- Abbreviated PPE; protective clothing and devices designed to protect an individual from contact with bloodborne pathogens; examples include gloves, fluid-resistant lab coat, apron, or gown, goggles or eye shield, and face masks that cover the nose and mouth. single-use Ans- Also known as disposable; items that cannot be used more than once. These items cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting in exposure incident. Multi Use Ans- Also known as reusable; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid. Cross-contamination Ans- Contamination that occurs when you touch one object and then transfer the contents of that object to another, such as touching skin, then touching a product without washing your hands. Contaminants Ans- dirt, oil, and microbes Universal Precautions Ans- Abbreviated UP; a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens. Standard Precautions Ans- Abbreviated SP; precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membrane where contact with a client's blood, body fluids, secretions (except sweat), excretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes is likely. Workers must assume that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk.SSPP First Degree Burn Ans- A minor burn affecting the upper layers of the skin, primarily the epidermis, with some redness and irritation but no blisters or open skin. Second Degree Burn Ans- This level of burn affects the top two layers of the skin, the epidermis, and the dermis. It is more painful than first degree and will show redness and blisters. Third Degree Burn Ans- This burn affects all layers of the skin and will blister, swell, & scar. The pain level depends on the amount of nerve damage that has taken place. Fourth Degree Burn Ans- These are burns that have injured the muscle, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bones. These burns always require medical attention Eye Flush Station Ans- A requirement for every business using chemicals to maintain. Gently flush eye with water for 15 minutes when necessary. Sharps Container Ans- Bio Hazard container for disposal of lancets. Microbiology Ans- the study of microorganisms Mycobacterium Fortuitum Ans- A microscopic germ that normally exist in tap water in small numbers. Toxins Ans- Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms Direct Transmission Ans- Transmissions of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands) , kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking Indirect Transmission Ans- Transmission of blood or bodily fluids through contact with an intermediate contaiminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper or environmental surface contagious disease Ans- Also known as communicable disease; a disease that is spread from one person to another person. Some of the more contagious diseases are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections. antiseptics Ans- Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). aseptic procedures Ans- A process of properly handling sterilized and disinfec