Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review 2023(211581)

what's the central dogma of genes&proteins? what's an exception to this rule? - -DNA (transcription) - RNA (translation) - protein. reverse transcription. -in ___, the ___ sequence turned to ___ sequence *(_-_) - -transcription - DNA - RNA - T-U -in ___, the "___ ___" stru happens where the ___ is ___ start of ___. it runs in ___ ___, small __ ___. - -translation - Christmas tree - tip - RNA's - transcription - one direction - to big -the ___ starts ___. it is a ___ ___ & is __ bp ___ from start. its analogous to ___ of ___ - -promoter - transcription - DNA sequence - -10 - upstream - origin - replication -the ___ sequence is __ bp ___ from ___ start. the __ position is actual ___. - -consensus - -35 - upstream - transcription - +1 - start -in ___, ___ ___ binds to ___ (__ & __) - -bacteria - RNA pol - promoter - -35&-10 -a strong ___ closely ___ the ___ sequence. a ____ promoter doesn't bind ___ ___ ___ bc not much of that ___ ___ - -promoter - matches - consensus - weak - RNA pol much - protein needed -RNA ___ __ makes ___, and is the ___ widely ___ & tightly ___ - -pol II - mRNA - most - varied - regulated -RNA pol __&__ are ___ meaning theyre ___ on. they ___ '___ genes'. pol __ makes __ RNA ie ___. pol __ makes ___. - -I&III - constitutive - always - transcribe - housekeeping - I - LG - rRNA - III - tRNA -pol __ makes protein for things that need to be ___ ie ___, can ___ to outside ___ - -II - controlled - phenotypes - respond - cues -the ___ ___ sequence is ______ at __ bp ___. RNA ___ does not ___ ___ to this site, instead ___ called transcription ___ do. WHY have more proteins involved? for a ___ in ___ ie change ___ level - -EUK - core - TATAAA - -30 - upstream - pol - bind directly - proteins - factors - variety - response - activity -DNA ___ does not need any ___ ___ from ___. the ___ in this case ___ need ___. ___ pol work ___ than ___ pol, and ___ pol ___ need ___ - -transcription - any enzymes - replication - pol - don't - primase - DNA - faster - RNA - RNA - doesn't - primase -what's the direction of normal transcription? - -5' - 3' -_ nucleotides are a ___ for a protein. there are __ sets of possible ___ for __ different __. _ of these sets codes are to ___ ___ - -3 - codon - 64 - codons - 20 - AA - 3 - stop translation -the ___ code is ___/ degenerate but no ___ specifies ___ ___ ___ AA. ___ in ___ reading ___. ___ than one ___ can ___ an __ - -genetic - redundant - codon - more than one - translation - open - frames - more - codon - specify - AA -the ___ codon is ___ (___). the stop codons are ___, ___, ___. - -start - methionine - AUG - UAA - UGA - UAG -___&___ used ___ with ___ mutation meaning one or more bases ___/___ - -Watson&Crick - phage - frameshift - removed/added -human ___ has a few___ ___ - -mitochondria - point mutations -EUK make ___ then ___ it before sending to cytoplasm to be ___. ___ includes ___ ___ at the __ end. next it is ___ at the __ end, and then ___ not to be ___ are cut out by ___. this is a LG body of ___&___ that ___ introns - -RNA - process - translated - processing - hnRNA - capped - 5' - polyadenylated - 3' - introns - expressed - spliceosome - proteins - RNA - cut -___ are ___ than exons - -introns - larger