HSC 460 FINAL 2023 with complete solution questions and answers

verbal communication expressing ideas to others by using spoken words nonverbal communication communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech APA 7th Edition The publisher location is no longer included in the reference. The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is now shortened right from the first citation. You only include the first author's name and "et al.". Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) should be provided in the reference entry. DOIs are formatted the same as URLs. The label "DOI:" is no longer necessary. URLs are no longer preceded by "Retrieved from," unless a retrieval date is needed. The website name is included (unless it's the same as the author), and web page titles are italicized. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g. Kindle) is no longer included in the reference, and the publisher is included. Clear guidelines are provided for including contributors other than authors and editors. For example, when citing a podcast episode, the host of the episode should be included; for a TV series episode, the writer and director of that episode are cited. Dozens of examples are included for online source types such as podcast episodes, social media posts, and YouTube videos. The use of emojis and hashtags is also explained. Listening Skills a) use body language to show you are listening b) take advantage of pauses to offer encouragement c) do not interrupt d) repeat or rephrase the speaker's thoughts and feelings Reflective Listening Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you. Interpersonal Communication the exchange of thoughts, feelings, and beliefs between two or more people Therapeutic Communication Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship. Intergenerational Communication Communication between people of different age groups. Communication among teams Coherent Clarity Concrete Commitment Consistency Completeness Courteous SOAP Notes subjective, objective, assessment, plan SBAR consistent, clear, structured, and easy-to-use method of communication between health care personnel; it organizes communication by the categories of: Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendations. Conflict Management the use of resolution and stimulation techniques to achieve the desired level of conflict System Communication (exchange information) pheromones (smell), visual, sound (acoustic), and touch, Communication During Job Seeking Process Well-ordered reasoning Strong action verbs and vocabulary usage. Wasting time Interest in the position and company Passion Pride in results Follow up Listen carefully Patient Focus Assuring that patients needs are the driving force in decision making, problem solving and other activities. Patient Empowerment patients have considerable influence in medical matters Empathy Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives Self-Care Education Develop a regular sleep routine. Aim for a healthy diet. Take lunch breaks. Go for a walk at lunchtime. Take your dog for a walk after work. Use your sick leave. Get some exercise before/after work regularly. Shared Decision Making A decision-making approach in which a clinician is expected to directly or indirectly provide information and options for intervention to a patient and then rely on the patient to synthesize the information and make his or her own decision Communication between patients, families and members of the health care team ... Interviewing Techniques Open-ended questions or comments Closed questions or comments Validating questions or comments Clarifying questions or comments Reflective questions or comments Sequencing questions or comments Directing questions or comments Dealing with Challenging Patients ... Care for the Caregiver Avoid isolation Establish positive relationships Share thoughts with others Solicit feedback / reality check with trusted colleagues Develop self-regulation Awareness of responses Be proactive in developing resilience Focus on self-care Don't try to do it all Healthy foods, exercise, adequate sleep Recharging of self (coping mechanisms) *Value contributions you DO make* Don't focus on what you are not accomplishing or areas where you feel you do not measure up Resolving conflicts Collaborating Accommodating Compromising Competing Avoiding Person-first language Placing the individual ahead of the disability. Communication with Persons with Cognitive Impairment ... Road blocks to therapeutic communication ... Advanced Age means the victim is older than 65 years of age. Hearing Loss & Deafness the many parts of the ear must work together in order for us to hear sounds, if any part is damaged or does not work properly hearing loss or deafness may occur Professional Roles and Responsibilities 1. Establish and maintain therapeutic relationship with person served 2. Create and maintain a safe and therapeutic envi-ronment 3. Maintain CTRS credential 4. Participate in in-service training and staff develop-ment 5. Maintain knowledge of current TR/RT trends, techniques, methods, issues, and professional and legal standards 6. Enhance professional competence through addi-tional credentials and/or contribution to TR/RT field (e.g., professional presentations, research, at-tending conferences) 7. Adhere to professional standards of practice and code of ethics 8. Participate in quality improvement process (e.g., exit interviews, customer service satisfaction, peer reviews) 9. Participate in agency/professional committees Communication and Team Building ... People Skills: Understanding People ... Customer Service ... Civic Professionalism and Stewardship ... Conflict of Interest A situation in which a person in a position of responsibility or trust has competing professional or personal interests that make it difficult to fulfill his or her duties impartially. Self-care tendency for patients to self-diagnose and determine their own treatment needs Skill sets ... Roles ... Characteristics of a good team 1. communication 2. focus 3. work toward common goal 4. everyone has a task best suited to his abilities Virtual Teams teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal Collaboration the action of working with someone to produce or create something Root Cause of Teamwork Issues ... General Leadership Theory ... Leadership Traits and Qualities ... Competencies of Leadership ... Emotionally Intelligent Leadership predicated under enhanced understanding of self and others for maximized performance ability to understand others emotions and their own emtions helps keep composure and sustainable leadership in face of adversity The Leader's Character ... Types of Leaders autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire Styles of Leadership ... Leading Teams ... Leadership and Management ... Enhancing Workplace Productivity and Job Satisfaction ... Change Theory a theory that posits change takes place in three stages: Unfreezing, Changing, and Refreezing The Process of Leading Change ... Using leadership skills to contribute to organizational effectiveness ... Delegating Authority ... Conducting Meetings ... Developing a Vision ... Innovation and Creativity ... Civic Engagement individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern Civic Responsibility a sense of duty or obligation to society that some people believe comes along with citizenship. Non-political Civic Engagement ... Service Learning a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community Context and Scope of Public Health History, philosphy, literature, essential services, ethics, and applications to current events Public Health as cross-cutting and systematic interdisciplinary concepts introduced early and integrated throughout the cours Epidemiological principles and population perspective rates, risk factors, and health status indicators of morbidity and morality Patient Safety Issues ... Role of the patient and family ... System errors problems resulting from deficiencies in the system for delivering health care or other services PDSA cycle For Plan-Do-Study-Act. Describes how to test a change: by trying it, observing the consequences, and then learning from those consequences. Culture of Safety a blame free environment in which staff can practice & openly discuss potential errors or near-misses as well as actual errors---just culture: No shame No Blame Best practice for disclosing errors ... Adverse Events Reporting ... Quality of management and quality of improvement ... Evidence based practice clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences IHI triple aim -population health -experience of care -per capita cost Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) Created by Congress in 1989 to conduct federal research into technology assessment and outcomes management and to develop practice guidelines for public dissemination. The AHRQ is perhaps best known for funding patient outcome-based research trials that form the basis for its practice guideline efforts. Safety Measurement Tools ... Morality concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong Ethical Decision Making 1. Clarify the ethical dilemma 2. Gather additional data 3. Identify options 4. Make a decision 5. Act 6. Evaluate Organizational Ethics The moral values, beliefs, and rules that establish the appropriate way for an organization and its members to deal with each other and with people outside the organization. Code of Ethics a guideline to help marketing managers and other employees make better decisions What is legal what is not legal ... Accreditation and Regulatory Oversight ... Compliance the tendency to agree to do things requested by others Joint Commission a not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits different types of healthcare facilities Regulatory Bodies CPSC, FCC, ICC, EPA, FDA Health Care Professional Licensing ... Health Care Professional Certification ... Mandatory Reporting -abuse: child or elder abuse, domestic violence -communicable diseases (according to CDC) such as hepatitis and TB Patients Rights and Responsibilites ... Patients Bill of Rights summary of a patient's rights regarding fair treatment and appropriate information Patient Self-Determination Act A federal law passed in 1990 that requires hospitals and other health care providers to provide written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advance directives. Patient Abuse mistreatment or neglect of individuals who are under the care of a health care organization Employee Rights guarantees of fair treatment that become rights when they are granted to employees by the courts, legislatures, or employers Sexual Harassment comments, gestures, or physical contacts of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome Just Culture refers to an organization's commitment to accountability and a focus supporting universal safety in health care Medical Records Files that contain the documentation of patients' medical history, record of care, progress notes, correspondence, and related billing/financial information. Ethics Committees groups of psychologists or other professionals who look over each proposed research study and judge it according to its safety and consideration for the participants in the study Documentation History Physical Discharge Summary HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Professional Organization nonprofit organization that works to improve the image, working conditions, and skill levels of people in particular occupations Professional Standards 1) perform procedures you are trained and legally permitted 2) follow step-by-step methods for tasks 3) obtain proper identification authorization 4) observe all safety precautions 5) confidential information 6) think before you speak 7) treat all patients equally 8) accept no bribes or tips 9) report error or mistake immediately 10) behave professionally or dress, language, manners and actions End of Life Living Will Power of Attorney ... Consent Beneficence Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action Autonomy (n.) self-government, political control Ethics in Patient Referrals prohibits paying for Medicare referrals including lunches, gifts, kickbacks, pads, pens, etc. Adverse childhood experiences Stressful or traumatic experiences, including abuse, neglect, and a range of household dysfunction, such as witnessing domestic violence or growing up with substance abuse, mental disorders, parental discord, or crime in the home. Beginning and End of Life Care ... Culture, race, ethnicity, diversity, and minority ... Ethnocentrism evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture. Culture Bias The situation that arises in testing when one cultural or subcultural group is more familiar with test items than another group and therefore has an unfair advantage. Culture Compentence Understanding the difference Immigrants and Health Care ... Refugees and Health Care ... Health Literacy a person's capacity to learn about and understand basic health information and services, and to use these resources to promote one's health and wellness Health Disparities differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other health conditions among specific population groups Cultural Racism a way of thinking that attributes disadvantaged racial groups' lack of prosperity to their behavior and culture, rather than to structural factors Equity (n.) the state or quality of being just, fair, or impartial; fair and equal treatment; something that is fair; the money value of a property above and beyond any mortgage or other claim Systemic Racism the idea that racism has been part of the US since its founding and that it continues to be reproduced through various institutions, such as the educational system and the criminal justice system Marginalization Displacement of workers, pushing them outside the economic and social mainstream Cultural Competence An understanding of how a patient's cultural background shapes his beliefs, values, and expectations for therapy. Issues of Power and Privilege ... Health Care Process Shaped by Culture ... Cross-Cultural Communication compares the communication styles and patterns of people from very different cultural/social structures, such as nation-states Working with Interpreters in the Health Care setting ... Caring for Diverse Families ... Culture and Health and Illness Beliefs ... Culture, Health, Illness, Prevention and treatment with Complimentary/Integrative Therapies Culture Care and Health Disparities ... Health Literacy Modules ... Language Barriers and Linguistically Appropriate Services ... Social Determinants of Health The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels Teach Back closed-loop communication technique that assesses patient retention of the information imparted during a teaching session Ask me Three 1. What is my main problem? 2. What do I need to do? 3. Why is it important for me to do this? Communication ... Professionalism ... Teamwork ... Leadership ... Community Citizenship ... Problem Solving ... Valuing ... Global Citizenship ... human errors If your employees haven't been properly trained, or if they simply can't do their jobs correctly or effectively, this is an operational risk.