NURS611 PATHO EXAM II QUESTION WITH
ANSWERS 2022
Chapter 1
1. Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
○ Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
○ Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
○ Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
○ Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria and is the mechanism by
which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to
ATP.
2. Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration is called:
○ Diffusion
○ Filtration
○ Osmosis
○ Hydrostatic pressure
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute
concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration. Filtration is the movement
of water and solutes through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure
on one side of the membrane than on the other side. Hydrostatic pressure is the
mechanical force of water against cellular membranes. Osmosis is the movement of
water “down” a concentration gradient, across a semipermeable membrane from a
region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
3. Which of the following is an example of an energy-releasing process?
○ Anabolism
○ Catabolism
○ Substrate-induced reaction
○ Second messenger system
Catabolism is the energy-releasing process of cellular metabolism. Anabolism is
the energy- using process of cellular metabolism.
4. Which of the following describes the term chemotaxis?
○ Uses the second messenger system
○ Cellular signal affecting the cell of origin
○ Movement of cells along a chemical gradient
○ Ligands bind with receptors, triggering a second reaction
, NURS611 PATHO EXAM II QUESTION WITH
ANSWERS 2022
Chemotaxis is the movement along a chemical gradient caused by chemical
attraction. Cells that migrant cells’ destination secrete a chemical, called
chemotactic factor, that attracts specific migrant cells.
5. Which of the following describes an amphipathic molecule?
○ Hydrophobic and not Hydrophilic
○ Hydrophilic and not Hydrophobic
○ Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
○ Nonpolar
A lipid, the amphipathic molecule is one in which part is hydrophobic (uncharged, or
water hating) and another part is hydrophilic (charged, or water loving). The
membrane spontaneously organizes itself into a bilayer because of these two
incompatible solubilities.
6. Which of the following are functions of a protein? (Select all that apply.)
○ Pores or transport channels
○ Enzymes that drive pumps
○ Cell surface markers
○ Synapses for cells
Functions of protein include: recognization and binding units for substances moving
in and out of the cell; pores or transport channels for various electrically charged
particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and
monosaccharides; specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote
concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium, within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions; cell surface markers; cell adhesion molecules;
catalysts of chemical reactions.
7. A solution has a higher concentration (less dilute)
than body solution.
Hypertonic
Hypertonic solution has a concentration of more than 285 to 294 mOsm/kg.
Hypotonic solution has a lower concentration and thus more dilute than body
fluids. Water is hypotonic solution.
Chapter 2
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
○ Free radical–induced injury
○ Chemical injury
○ Hypoxia
○ Mechanical factors
Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common cause of cellular
injury. Hypoxia can result from a reduced amount of oxygen in the air, loss of
hemoglobin or
ANSWERS 2022
Chapter 1
1. Which statement is correct regarding cellular energy?
○ Glycolysis is the building of sugar molecules.
○ Oxidative cellular metabolism is a single reaction making adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
○ Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
○ Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria and is the mechanism by
which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to
ATP.
2. Movement of a solute molecule from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration is called:
○ Diffusion
○ Filtration
○ Osmosis
○ Hydrostatic pressure
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute
concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration. Filtration is the movement
of water and solutes through a membrane because of a greater pushing pressure
on one side of the membrane than on the other side. Hydrostatic pressure is the
mechanical force of water against cellular membranes. Osmosis is the movement of
water “down” a concentration gradient, across a semipermeable membrane from a
region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
3. Which of the following is an example of an energy-releasing process?
○ Anabolism
○ Catabolism
○ Substrate-induced reaction
○ Second messenger system
Catabolism is the energy-releasing process of cellular metabolism. Anabolism is
the energy- using process of cellular metabolism.
4. Which of the following describes the term chemotaxis?
○ Uses the second messenger system
○ Cellular signal affecting the cell of origin
○ Movement of cells along a chemical gradient
○ Ligands bind with receptors, triggering a second reaction
, NURS611 PATHO EXAM II QUESTION WITH
ANSWERS 2022
Chemotaxis is the movement along a chemical gradient caused by chemical
attraction. Cells that migrant cells’ destination secrete a chemical, called
chemotactic factor, that attracts specific migrant cells.
5. Which of the following describes an amphipathic molecule?
○ Hydrophobic and not Hydrophilic
○ Hydrophilic and not Hydrophobic
○ Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
○ Nonpolar
A lipid, the amphipathic molecule is one in which part is hydrophobic (uncharged, or
water hating) and another part is hydrophilic (charged, or water loving). The
membrane spontaneously organizes itself into a bilayer because of these two
incompatible solubilities.
6. Which of the following are functions of a protein? (Select all that apply.)
○ Pores or transport channels
○ Enzymes that drive pumps
○ Cell surface markers
○ Synapses for cells
Functions of protein include: recognization and binding units for substances moving
in and out of the cell; pores or transport channels for various electrically charged
particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and
monosaccharides; specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote
concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium, within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions; cell surface markers; cell adhesion molecules;
catalysts of chemical reactions.
7. A solution has a higher concentration (less dilute)
than body solution.
Hypertonic
Hypertonic solution has a concentration of more than 285 to 294 mOsm/kg.
Hypotonic solution has a lower concentration and thus more dilute than body
fluids. Water is hypotonic solution.
Chapter 2
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
○ Free radical–induced injury
○ Chemical injury
○ Hypoxia
○ Mechanical factors
Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common cause of cellular
injury. Hypoxia can result from a reduced amount of oxygen in the air, loss of
hemoglobin or
