WGU C168 CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC FINAL EXAM PRE ASSESSMENT 2023 (140 Verified Q&A)

WGU C168 CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC FINAL EXAM 1. What is critical thinking?: An intellectual model for understanding issues and forming reasonable and informed views on them. Involves analyzing, evaluating, and improving one's own thinking Thinking about thinking in order to make thinking better 2. Critical thinking comprises three interlinking dimensions: 1. Analyzing one's own thinking- breaking it down into its component parts. 2. Evaluating one's own thinking- identifying its weaknesses while recognizing its strengths. 3. Improving one's own thinking- reconstructing it to make it better. 3. What are two barriers native to everyone?: egocentrism & sociocentrism 4. What is egocentrism?: The tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself An innate human trait Rigidity of thought 5. What is sociocentrism?: The assumption that one's own social group is inher- ently superior to all others 6. What is first-order thinking?: Ordinary Thinking 1. Spontaneous and non-reflective 2. Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning 3. Indiscriminately combined 7. What is second-order thinking?: Critical Thinking First-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed) 8. What is weak-sense critical thinking?: Thinkers ignore the flaws in their own thinking and often seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery and deceit 9. What is strong-sense critical thinking?: Thinkers strive to be ethical and empathize with others' viewpoints. They will entertain arguments with which they do not agree and change their views when confronted with superior reasoning 10. What are the defining traits of critical thinkers?: 1. Intellectual Humility 2. Intellectual Courage 3. intellectual Empathy 4. Intellectual Integrity   5. Intellectual Perseverance 6. Confidence in Reasoning 7. Intellectual Autonomy 11. Characterization of Intellectual Humility: Aware of the limitations of one's viewpoint 12. Characterization of Intellectual Courage: Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful 13. Characterization of Intellectual Empathy: Inhabiting the perspectives of oth- ers in order to genuinely understand them 14. Characterization of Intellectual Integrity: Holding oneself to the same rigor- ous intellectual standards that one expects others to meet 15. Characterization of Intellectual Perseverance: Not giving up when confront- ed by complicated problems that don't lend themselves to easy solutions 16. Characterization of Confidence in Reasoning: Encourages people to arrive at their own conclusions through their own powers of rational thinking 17. Characterization of Intellectual Autonomy: Thinking for oneself while adher- ing to standards of rationality 18. What are some ways to improve your thinking?: 1. Use 'wasted' time 2. Handle one problem per day 3. Internalize intellectual standards 4. Keep an intellectual journal 5. Practice intellectual strategies 6. Reshape your character 7. Deal with your ego 8. Redefine the way you see things 9. Get in touch with your emotions 10. Analyze group influences on your life 19. Three functions of the Mind: 1. Thinking - Makes sense of the world ex. judging, analyzing 2. Feeling - Tells us how we are doing ex. happy, sad 3. Wanting - Drives us to act as we do ex. goals, desires 20. Define Sophistry: The ability to win an argument regardless of flaws in the reasoning 21. Elements of Reasoning: 1. Purposes 2. Information   3. Questions 4. Concepts 5. Assumptions 6. Inferences 7. Implications 8. Points of View 22. The nine fundamental intellectual standards: 1. Clarity 2. Accuracy 3. Precision 4. Relevance 5. Depth 6. Breadth 7. Logic 8. Significance 9. Fairness 23. The elements of reasoning are also known as: Parts of thinking and Fun- damental structures of thought 24. Reasoning: The mind drawing conclusions on the basis of reasons 25. Purpose: The goal or desired outcome of our reasoning 26. Assumption: Something we take for granted as true in our reasoning 27. Implications: Said to follow from our reasoning 28. Theories are examples of:: Concepts 29. In reasoning, we make based on .: Inferences/as- sumptions 30. Distinctions between the elements of reasoning are not .: Relative/Absolute 31. Which of the following best describes activated ignorance?: Mentally taking in and actively using false information 32. In some cases, the conclusions we draw are based on assumptions that operate at an level.: Unconscious 33. What are the three kinds of implications that may be involved in any situation?: Possible, probable, necessary 34. Clarity: Thinking that is easily understood