WGU C787 Nutrition 2023 Exam Questions and Answers

Vitamin A deficiency causes - ANSWER ==spots in the eyeball, dry eyes, inability to see dim light, frequent infections Vitamin C deficiency causes - ANSWER ==scurvy, bruising, bleeding gums, weakness, fatigue, rash Vitamin D deficiency causes - ANSWER ==rickets, bone and hair loss, muscle pain and weakness Iron deficiency causes - ANSWER ==anemia, dizziness, lightheaded, palpitations, pallor Iodine deficiency causes - ANSWER ==enlarged thyroid, constipation, difficulty thinking and understanding, fatigue, sensitivity to cold, or slow growth. RDA - ANSWER ==Recommended Daily Allowances DRI - ANSWER ==Dietary Reference Intakes In the mid 1990's, the DRIs replaced the - ANSWER ==Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) in the United States. The DRIs are - ANSWER ==a set of several reference values that include values related to both adequate intakes and upper levels of intakes. Being physically active is - ANSWER ==one of the most important actions that people of all ages can take to improve their health. Physical activity fosters - ANSWER ==normal growth and development and can make people feel better, function better, sleep better, and reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. Physical Activity Guidelines for Preschool Age Children - ANSWER ==physically active throughout the day to enhance growth and development . Physical Activity Guidelines for Children and Adolescents - ANSWER ==60 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults - ANSWER ==at least 2.5 to 5 hours a week of moderate-intensity and also weight training 2 or more days a week, as these activities provide additional health benefits. Physical Activity Guidelines for Older adults - ANSWER ==multicomponent physical activity that includes balance training as well as aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. USDA Recommended Limits added sugars to - ANSWER ==10% day USDA Recommended Limits saturated fats to - ANSWER == 10% day USDA Recommended Limits sodium to - ANSWER == 2300 mg USDA Recommended Limits alcohol to - ANSWER ==1 drink per day for women, 2 for men. What are the three components of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) - ANSWER ==RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance), AI (Adequate Intake), UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level) Tolerable Upper Intake Level - ANSWER ==is the highest level of dietary nutrient intake to pose no risk of health effects. EAR (Estimated Average Requirements) guide - ANSWER ==community population recommendations. Used in more statistical situations. What is the DASH diet and what level of sodium has been shown to reduce high blood pressure - ANSWER ==1,500 milligrams (mg) sodium lowers blood pressure even further than 2,300 mg sodium daily. The recommended daily amount of folate for adults - ANSWER ==400 micrograms (mcg). Amount of folic acid for pregnant women - ANSWER ==400 to 800 mcg of folic acid a day Nutritional Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables - ANSWER ==reduce the risk of some types of cancers fruit and vegetables are NOT rich in - ANSWER ==B12 benefits of eating a diet with more whole grains - ANSWER ==protein, fiber, B vitamins, antioxidants, and trace minerals (iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium). A diet rich in whole grains has been shown to reduce the risk of - ANSWER ==heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and some forms of cance r Define nutrient dense - ANSWER ==high in nutrients but relatively low in calories. Nutrient-dense foods contain vitamins, minerals, complex carbohydrates, lean protein, and healthy fats. Examples of nutrient dense foods - ANSWER ==fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat or fat-free milk products, seafood, lean meats, eggs, peas, beans, and nuts. The AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) for carbohydrates - ANSWER ==55-70% of energy intake The AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) for Fat - ANSWER ==15-25% of energy intake The AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) for Protein - ANSWER ==720% of energy intake The recommended daily allowance for vitamin B12 for adults - ANSWER ==2.4 micrograms. As people get older, their ability to absorb vitamin B12 tends to - ANSWER ==decrease because seniors often develop problems with the acids and stomach enzymes needed to process the vitamin. 4 components in every nutrition label - ANSWER ==Serving information, Calories, Nutrients, Quick Guide to percent Daily Value (%DV) Quick Guide to percent Daily Value (%DV) - ANSWER ==5% or less is low 20% or more is high Primary Prevention for Overweight Adults and Obesity - ANSWER ==prevent yourself from getting a disease. Secondary Prevention Overweight Adults and Obesity - ANSWER ==detect a disease early and prevent it from getting worse. Tertiary Prevention Overweight Adults and Obesity - ANSWER ==improve your quality of life and reduce the symptoms of a disease you already have . Non modifiable risk factors - ANSWER ==genetically determined traits (e.g., age, gender & race-ethnicity) . How much weight loss (percent of total body weight) has been shown to improve health risks associated with overweight and obesity? - ANSWER ==5% ↓ risk for diabetes/CV disease and improved metabolic function in liver, fat and muscle tissue health risks associated with being underweight/having poor nutrition - ANSWER ==malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, anemia, osteoporosis from too little vitamin D and calcium Energy balance - ANSWER ==energy in vs energy out resting metabolic rate (RMR) is responsible for - ANSWER ==60-75 percent of the total calories burned each day . Thermic effect of food (TEF) is the - ANSWER ==digestion, absorption and storage of food The smallest component of energy balance is - ANSWER ==TEF recommended daily calorie intake - ANSWER ==2,000 for women and 2,500 for men A healthy weight loss program consists of - ANSWER ==A reasonable/realistic weight loss goal, reduced calorie/nutritionally balanced eating plan, regular physical activity , behavior change plan to help you stay on track with your goals Keep in Mind for weight loss - ANSWER ==Calories count, Portions count, Nutrition counts, Even a small amount of weight loss can lead to big health benefits, Strive to develop good habits to last a lifetime, Discuss weight loss with your doctor before getting started Obese BMI - ANSWER == 30 Overweight BMI - ANSWER == 25 Morbidly Obese BMI - ANSWER ==40 BMI calculation - ANSWER ==weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared, multiplied by 703 Is having a family member that has died from heart disease a modifiable risk factor? - ANSWER ==no How is body weight related to diabetes risk? - ANSWER ==The more excess weight you have, the more resistant your muscle and tissue cells become to your own insulin hormone . What is insulin resistance and how is it related to the pathology of type 2 diabetes? - ANSWER ==Insulin resistance occurs when excess glucose in the blood reduces the ability of the cells to absorb and use blood sugar for energy. This increases the risk of developing prediabetes, and eventually, type 2 diabetes What is PAL (Physical activity level) - ANSWER ==an estimate of the amount of energy a person needs . A PAL of 1.4 is associated with - ANSWER ==a very low level of physical activity at work or during leisure time. foods recommended for diabetic patient - ANSWER ==Fatty Fish, Leafy Greens, Cinnamon, Eggs, Chia Seeds, Turmeric, Greek Yogurt, Nuts, Broccoli, Extra Virgen Olive oil, flaxseeds, garlic, squash Foods that should be avoided by the diabetic patient - ANSWER ==Sugar sweetened beverages, trans fat, white bread pasta and rice, packaged snack foods . 22 y/o with a BMI of 17 is at increased risk of - ANSWER ==infertility, osteoporosis, and premature death .