C790 Nursing Informatics (WGU)

C790 Nursing Informatics (WGU) goal of EBP Ans- is improvement of systems and microsystems within healthcare, with these improvements based on science STEEEP principles Ans- The Institute of Medicine (IOM) expert panel issued recommendations for urgent action to redesign healthcare so that it is safe, timely, effective, efficient, equitable, and patientcentered (S) in STEEEP Ans- Safe-Avoid injuries to patients from the care that is intended to help them. (T) in STEEEP Ans- Timely-Reduce waits and sometimes harmful delays for both those who receive and those who give care. (E) in STEEEP Ans- Effective-Provide services based on scientific knowledge to all who could benefit, and refrain from providing services to those not likely to benefit. (E) in STEEEP Ans- Efficient-Avoid waste, including waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy. (E) in STEEEP Ans- Equitable-Provide care that does not vary in quality because of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socioeconomic status. (P) in STEEEP Ans- Patient-centered Provide care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and ensure that patient values guide all clinical decisions. ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC) Model of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice Stetler Model of Research Utilization Ans- FOCUS: EBP, research use, and knowledge transformation processes DESCRIPTION: Direct a systematic approach to synthesizing knowledge and transforming research findings to improve patient outcomes and the quality of care Address both individual practitioners and healthcare organizations Focus on increasing the meaningfulness and utility of research findings in clinical decision making Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) Vratny and Shriver Model for Evidence-Based Practice Pettigrew and Whipp Model of Strategic Change Outcomes-Focused Knowledge Translation Determinants of Effective Implementation of Complex Innovations in Organizations Ottawa Model of Research Use Ans- FOCUS: Strategic and organizational change theory to promote uptake and adoption of new knowledge DESCRIPTION:Trace mechanisms by which individual, small group, and organizational contexts affect diffusion, uptake, and adoption of new knowledge and innovation Premise is that interventions, outcomes evaluations, and feedback are important methods to promote practice change Collaborative Model for Knowledge Translation between Research and Practice Settings Framework for Translating Evidence into Action Knowledge Transfer and Exchange Canadian Institutes of Health Research Knowledge Translation within the Research Cycle Model or Knowledge Action Model Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation Ans- FOCUS: Knowledge exchange and synthesis for application and inquiry DESCRIPTION: Structure ongoing interactions among practitioners, researchers, policy-makers, and consumers to facilitate the generation of clinically relevant knowledge and the application of knowledge in practice All parties are engaged in bidirectional collaboration across the translation continuum Knowledge Transformation Ans- (Ace Star Model) is defined as the conversion of research findings from discovery of primary research results, through a series of stages and forms, to increase the relevance, accessibility, and utility of evidence at the point of care to improve healthcare and health outcomes by way of evidence-based care. Ace Star Model Ans- These five points are discovery research, evidence summary, translation to guidelines, practice integration, and evaluation of process and outcome clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) Ans- The IOM defines clinical guidelines as "systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. usability Ans- 1.Increased user productivity and efficiency 2.Decreased user errors and increased safety 3.Improved cognitive support human factors Ans- is "the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance." In healthcare, human factors might concern the design of a new operating room to better support teamwork and patient flow. ergonomics Ans- used interchangeably with human factors by the HFES in Europe but in the U.S. and other countries its focus is on human performance with physical characteristics of tools, systems, and machines i.e. power drill fitting in hand Human-computer interaction (HCI) Ans- is the study of how people design, implement, and evaluate interactive computer systems in the context of users' tasks and work usability Ans- is often used interchangeably with HCI when the product is a computer but usability also concerns products beyond computers. Usability is also more focused on interactions within a specific context or environment for a specific product. Formally, the ISO defines usability as the extent to which a product can be used by specific users in a specific context to achieve specific goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. allows users to achieve goals joint cognitive systems Ans- imply that information is shared or distributed among humans and technology. This framework is useful for examining teamwork in healthcare where team members work together on patient care Health Human-Computer Interaction (HHCI) Framework Ans- Humans or products can initiate interactions. The information is processed through either the product or the humans according to characteristics. The recipient then reacts to the information; for example, a healthcare provider could read and respond to email from a patient or a product might process interactions after the "enter" key is pressed. Iterative cycles continue as humans behave and products act according to defined characteristics. Goals and planning are implicit within the tasks displayed in the framework. discount usability methods Ans- reduce the number of required users in usability projects and to use early design prototypes. These methods offer economies of time, effort, and cost and can be completed at any point in the systems life cycle. Two common techniques are heuristic evaluation and think-aloud protocol. Heuristic evaluations Ans- compare products against accepted usability guidelines to reveal major and minor usability issues. think-aloud protocol Ans- also involves a small number of users and has them talk aloud while they interact with a product. Users voice what they are trying to do, indicate where interactions are confusing, and provide other thoughts about the product during interactions. This allows a detailed examination of the specified tasks, in particular to uncover major effectiveness issues. used in conjunction with other techniques task analysis Ans- generic term for a set of more than 100 techniques that range from a focus on cognitive tasks and processes (called cognitive task analysis) to observable user interactions with an application (e.g., a systematic mapping of team interactions during a patient code). Task analyses are systematic methods that are used to understand what users are doing or required to do with a product by focusing on tasks and behavioral actions of the users and products. These methods provide a process for learning about and documenting how ordinary users complete actions in a specific context. Methods of task analysis include the following: •Interviews •Observations •Shadowing users at their actual work sites •Observing users doing tasks •Conducting ethnographic studies or interviews focused ethnographies Ans- concentrate on individuals' points of view, their experiences and interactions in social settings, rather than on just the actions of those individuals During observations, detailed descriptions are generated with an emphasis on social relationships and their impact on work. Usability Questionnaires Ans- System Usability Scale (SUS)- industry standard, 10-scale Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction (QUIS)-computer system or application assessed Purdue Usability Testing Questionnaire-100 open ended questions Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI)- Exploratory Test Ans- conducted early in the systems life cycle after requirements are determined. These tests are conducted on very basic or preliminary designs or redesigns where few resources have been committed to programming the product. The objective of an exploratory test is to assess the effectiveness of emerging design concepts informal Assessment Test Ans- conducted early in or midway through the development of a product application. After the organization and general design are determined, this kind of test assesses lower-level operations of the application, stressing the efficiency goals of the product (versus effectiveness) and how well the task is presented to users. conducted whens system partially developed validation test Ans- completed later in the systems life cycle using a more mature product. This type of test assesses how this particular product compares to a predetermined standard, benchmark, or performance measure. Comparison Study Ans- can conduct comparison studies at any point in the systems life cycle but they are more commonly done to compare an existing design with