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Sumario Farmacologia Cardiovascular

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Farmacologia cardiovascular Antiarritmicos -CLASE I: BLOQUEADORES CANALES DE NA+ -CLASE II: BETA BLOQUEANTES -CLASE III: BLOQUEADORES CANALES DE K+ -CLASE IV: BLOQUEADORES CANALES DE CA+ -NO CLASIFICADOS FÁRMACOS que causan TORSADES DE POINTES FÁRMACOS: FALLO CARDÍACO FÁRMACOS: TONO VASULAR HIDRALAZINA NITROPRUSIATO MINOXIDIL ANTI-ANGINOSOS NITRATOS B-BLOQUEANTES DIHIDROPIRIDINAS NO DIHIDROPIRIDINAS BLOQUEADORES CANALES DE Na+ ANTI-HIPERTENSIVOS Hipertensión Esencial Insuficiencia Cardiaca Congestiva Diabetes Mellitus Hipertensión en Asma Hipertensión en Embarazo ANTI-HIPERLIPIDEMIA INHIBIDORES HMG CoA REDUCTASA NIACINA FIBRATOS INHIBIDORES DE PCSK9 RESINAS SECUESTRADORAS DE ÁCIDOS BILIARES INHIBIDOR LIPASA PANCREÁTICA INHIBIDORES REABSORCIÓN DE COLESTEROL

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J-INCOG




FARMACOLOGÍA

, J-INCOG

FARMACO CARDIOVASCULAR



Fase 1
POTENCIALES DE ACCIÓN
Fase 2 (Ica & IK)
0 mV
Fase 3 (IK)
0 Fase 0
–20 Fase 0 (Ica) Fase 3 (IK) Período Refractario Efectivo (PRE)
200 msec
Umbral Fase 4 (Dominado por IK)
–40
–85 mV
+ + +
–60 K K K
Fase 4
If (Na+ & K+) 100 msec Extracelular
–80 Intracelular
2+
Ca
+
Na Miocito
ANTIARRÍTMICOS


CLASE I: BLOQUEADORES CANALES DE NA+

Quinidina - Procainamida - Disopiramida

Bloqueo de canales rápidos de Na+. ↑ Duración de Potencial de Acción, ↑ Período
refractorio efectivo, ↑intervalo QT. Prolongan la repolarización (bloquea canales K+).
CLASE IA
Usos: arritmias atriales y ventriculares, fibrilación atrial.
Efectos adversos: cinconismo, lupus inducido, torsades, trombocitopenia, Quinidina:
aumenta toxicidad de digoxina e hiperkalemia incrementa sus efectos.

Lidocaína - Mexiletina - Tocainida

Bloqueo de canales rápidos de Na+. ↓ Duración potencial de acción. ↓ Período
CLASE IB refractorio efectivo. Preferencia por tejido isquémico. (parcialmente despolarizados)
Usos: cirugía corazón abierto, post-infarto miocardio. Oral (mexiletina), IV (lidocaína)

Efectos adversos: estimulación/depresión del CNS, depresión cardiovascular.

Flecainida - Propafenona
Bloqueo canales rápidos de Na+. Potencial de acción y período refractario efectivo se
CLASE IC
mantienen igual. Flecainida suprime fase 0.

Efectos adversos: proarrítmico, contraindicado post- IAM
CLASE II: BETA BLOQUEANTES

Propranolol - Acebutolol - Atenolol - Esmolol - Metoprolol

Inhiben activación de receptores B1. Disminuyen la pendiente de fase 4. ↓ AMPc y ↓
corrientes Ca2. ↑ intervalo PR y ↓ conducción nodal. Usos: profilaxis post-infarto de
CLASE II miocardio y taquiarritmias supraventriculares.

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