Alabama OTPC Study Guide 2023 with complete solution
Five mains groups of pests.
1. Insects
2. Snails and slugs
3. Vertebrates
4. Plant disease agents
5. Weeds
Pest
living things that compete with human beings for food, fiber, and space or attach
humans directly
Hosts
living plants or animals some pests depend on for survival
Name two identifying characteristics common to all adult insects
Six jointed legs
Three body regions
Two characteristics which aid in distinguishing one insect from another
Wings
Mouthparts
Explain the differences between the basic life cycles of insects
Some change only in size as they develop
Some change form slightly
Some change completely in form and size
Gradual Life Cycle
Eggs - Nymph - Adult
Also referred to "Simple"
Complete Life Cycle
Egg - Larva - Pupa - Adult
Three characteristics of mites, ticks and spiders
Eight jointed legs
Two body regions
Lack wings
List four types of vertebrate animals that can be pests
Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds
List types of living organisms that cause plant diseases
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
Nematodes
List three main ways a plant responds to infection by a plant disease agent
Overdevelopment of tissue
Underdevelopment of tissue
Death of tissue
, Define weeds
Weeds are plants growing where thay are not wanted or in a way that is not desireable
Characteristics of herbaceous grasses
One leaf as the emerge
Leaves narrow and upright; veins parallel
Fibrous root system
Growing point sheathed and under soil surface
Growing point gradually moves above soil as plant matures
Chracteristics of herbaceous broadleaves
Two leaves as they emerge
Leaves broad with net-like veins
Exposed growing points at end of each stem
Perennial broadleaved plant may have growing points on roots and stems below soil
Chracteristics of woody plants
brush and shrubs having several stems and less that 10 feet tall
Trees - single stem and greater than 10 feet tall
Annuals
complete life cycle in less than 12 months
Explain the developmental stages of plants
Seedkubg - small with seed leaves present
Vegetative rapid growth of stems, roots, and foliage. Water and nutrient uptake rapid
Seed production - little or no growth; produces fruit. Water and nutrient uptake and
movement slow and directed to reproductive parts
Maturity - little or no growthe. Movement of water and nutrients slow.
Biennials
complete life cycle in 2 years
Perennials
live more than 2 years; ma live indefinitely
Winter vs. Summer Annuals
Winter annuals germinate in the fall, examples: cheat chickweed, henbit, little barley,
annual bluegrass and wild mustard.
Spring annuals germinate in the spring, examples: ragweed, crabgrass, partridge pea,
pigweed and spotted spurge
Examples of Biennials
thistle, common mullein, wild carrot, and false dandelion
Simple Perennials
spread by seed, crown buds, and cut root segments - examples are curly dock,
dandelion, plantain, spider wort and white heath aster
Creeping Perennials
spread vegetatively with stolons or rhizomes as well as seeds - examples
bermudagrass, big bluestem, milkweed, horsenettle, horsetail, Johnsongrass, poison ivy
and Virginia creeper
Bulbous perennials
reproduce vegetatively from underground bulbs or tubers - examples are wild garlic,
yellow nutsedge, and Star-of-Bethlehem
Pest Control Methods
Five mains groups of pests.
1. Insects
2. Snails and slugs
3. Vertebrates
4. Plant disease agents
5. Weeds
Pest
living things that compete with human beings for food, fiber, and space or attach
humans directly
Hosts
living plants or animals some pests depend on for survival
Name two identifying characteristics common to all adult insects
Six jointed legs
Three body regions
Two characteristics which aid in distinguishing one insect from another
Wings
Mouthparts
Explain the differences between the basic life cycles of insects
Some change only in size as they develop
Some change form slightly
Some change completely in form and size
Gradual Life Cycle
Eggs - Nymph - Adult
Also referred to "Simple"
Complete Life Cycle
Egg - Larva - Pupa - Adult
Three characteristics of mites, ticks and spiders
Eight jointed legs
Two body regions
Lack wings
List four types of vertebrate animals that can be pests
Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds
List types of living organisms that cause plant diseases
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses
Nematodes
List three main ways a plant responds to infection by a plant disease agent
Overdevelopment of tissue
Underdevelopment of tissue
Death of tissue
, Define weeds
Weeds are plants growing where thay are not wanted or in a way that is not desireable
Characteristics of herbaceous grasses
One leaf as the emerge
Leaves narrow and upright; veins parallel
Fibrous root system
Growing point sheathed and under soil surface
Growing point gradually moves above soil as plant matures
Chracteristics of herbaceous broadleaves
Two leaves as they emerge
Leaves broad with net-like veins
Exposed growing points at end of each stem
Perennial broadleaved plant may have growing points on roots and stems below soil
Chracteristics of woody plants
brush and shrubs having several stems and less that 10 feet tall
Trees - single stem and greater than 10 feet tall
Annuals
complete life cycle in less than 12 months
Explain the developmental stages of plants
Seedkubg - small with seed leaves present
Vegetative rapid growth of stems, roots, and foliage. Water and nutrient uptake rapid
Seed production - little or no growth; produces fruit. Water and nutrient uptake and
movement slow and directed to reproductive parts
Maturity - little or no growthe. Movement of water and nutrients slow.
Biennials
complete life cycle in 2 years
Perennials
live more than 2 years; ma live indefinitely
Winter vs. Summer Annuals
Winter annuals germinate in the fall, examples: cheat chickweed, henbit, little barley,
annual bluegrass and wild mustard.
Spring annuals germinate in the spring, examples: ragweed, crabgrass, partridge pea,
pigweed and spotted spurge
Examples of Biennials
thistle, common mullein, wild carrot, and false dandelion
Simple Perennials
spread by seed, crown buds, and cut root segments - examples are curly dock,
dandelion, plantain, spider wort and white heath aster
Creeping Perennials
spread vegetatively with stolons or rhizomes as well as seeds - examples
bermudagrass, big bluestem, milkweed, horsenettle, horsetail, Johnsongrass, poison ivy
and Virginia creeper
Bulbous perennials
reproduce vegetatively from underground bulbs or tubers - examples are wild garlic,
yellow nutsedge, and Star-of-Bethlehem
Pest Control Methods
