PN 2 exam review

Asthma Pathophysiology ● Asthma is a chronic disease in which reversible airway obstruction occurs intermittently, reducing airflow. Airway obstruction occurs by both inflammation and airway tissue sensitivity (hyperresponsiveness) with bronchoconstriction. Inflammation obstructs the airway lumens (i.e., the insides). Airway hyperresponsiveness and constriction of bronchial smooth muscle narrow the tubular structure of the airways. Airway inflammation and sensitivity can trigger bronchiolar constriction, and many adults with asthma have both problems. Severe airway obstruction reduces GAS EXCHANGE and can be fatal. At least 3630 deaths from acute asthma occur in the United States each year. The risk for death from asthma is higher among older adults. ● Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the airways is a key event in triggering an asthma attack. ● It occurs in response to the presence of specific allergens; general irritants such as: ○ cold air ○ dry air ○ fine airborne particles ○ Microorganisms ○ aspirin and other NSAIDs