do very powerful things with it. The most advanced statistics are written into simple
functions in our code by the researchers themselves.
These functions just discover and build and design those statistics. A function takes an
input and gives you an output, and in between, it applies a recipe. It always applies the
same recipe, so you can change the input and it will apply the recipe to this different input
and give you the corresponding output.
You can use your arrows to navigate through the history of the code that you gave to the
console. This is nice because it gives us some power. We can give numbers to function,
and we can use the help to type them.
The other way to call this help is by writing the function help on the variable on the word
abs. Enter, and you see here it shows me the same thing.
When we are in our studio, we open a script or it's also often called a source le to open
the script. When we do enter it, it will just skip to the next line; it won't run it and it won't be
sent to the console to be evaluated.
There are two ways to assign values to variables in our script: you can use the equal sign
or the assignment operator, which is the arrow. r will always overwrite its variable no
matter what it is equal to. r and r are case sensitive, so capital an arrow sign (110) or (110)
is not the same thing as lowercase.
The fourth and kind of more special datatype are the factors; they're used and they're seen
as the categorical variables that we would use when we do statistics or her glutes. They
are basically text that already can be numbered in that order, seen as a category. If you
really need to put a double quote into your character string, you can do a backslash.
If you put different datatype together in one vector it will transform it following some certain
rules so the rst rule is that if you put only true and false together they will be true and true
together. The truth will be assigned a number, the number one, and the false would be
equal to the number zero.
The rst item is an of-type list, and the second is a type double, which is synonymous with
numeric type logical true/false types, and characters. Data frames are a subtype of the list,
they are different in that the tag or in the name they have and function sometimes will read
the tag that a variable has to decide which code they will run on them.
By subtype, I don't mean that they are the same thing. A dual data frame in our data is
often saved with the as df variable d f. So if I do ctrl-enter on the right, you see here that
my variable df is of a typical data frame.
fi fi fi